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DocumentCooperatives in the CIS and Georgia: Overview of Legislation
Policy Studies on Rural Transition No. 2014-2
2014Also available in:
No results found.Cooperatives in agriculture and in other sectors are usually created by grassroots users to overcome market failures, which are manifested in unwillingness of private business entrepreneurs to provide services in areas that they judge unprofitable or, alternatively, in unfair exploitation of the users by private businesses through monopolistic practices. Best-practice world experience suggests that farmers’ service cooperatives provide the most effective way of improving the access of small farm ers to market services in both situations. International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) defines a cooperative as an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise (ICA, 2013). The persons who voluntarily unite to form a cooperative are usually referred to as members or member-owners. In this study, the cooperative laws in all 12 CIS countries (including Ge orgia) are reviewed and their compatibility with universal cooperative principles and actual practices in the West is examined. -
MeetingAsia and Pacific Commission on Agricultural Statistics - Statistical Capacity of Asian countries to monitor FAO-relevant SDGs - APCAS/20/4.2 2020
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BookletSlowing down superbugs – Legislation and antimicrobial resistance
Food safety technical toolkit for Asia and the Pacific No. 8
2021Also available in:
No results found.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) can be described as the quintessential One Health issue: it involves humans, animals and the environment. It is also a multisectoral food safety problem whose effects transcend borders. With such an interlinked context, legislation that has an impact on AMR is crucial to combat the issue, and to establish linkages among the various sectors and activities. As AMR is a holistic problem, the connections between AMR and its implications in the different areas of law need to be considered. This document presents in detail the connection between food safety legislation and AMR. It discusses how the maximum residue limits of pesticides and antimicrobials can directly impact AMR. While some aspects of this connection are already established enough to take regulatory action, some others would need more consideration, for example, food additives with an impact on AMR. Analysis and strengthening of relevant regulatory systems are the primary concerns for food safety national authorities. Identifying existing regulatory mechanisms that can be utilized to introduce AMR-relevant considerations is also important. Through the lens of AMR, the legal framework will then need to be considered as a whole.
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