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No Thumbnail AvailableDocumentForest products 1991Throughout history, the forests have been valued for the multiplicity of products and benefits that they provide, both for subsistence and for trade: foods, medicines, spices, resins, gums, latexes, wildlife, fuelwood, and of course timber and other wood products. The literature is rich with examples of international trade in forest products, many dating back thousands of years. Significantly, in most cases the products sought by traders were resins, oils, spices, and much less frequently timber . For most of the modern era, however, from a development perspective forests essentially have been seen as a source of one product: wood.
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Book (stand-alone)Legume Trees and other Fodder Trees as Protein Sources for Livestock 1992
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No results found.Fodder trees and fodder shrubs have always played a significant role in feeding domestic animals. In fact, trees and shrubs are increasingly recognized as important components of animal feeding, particularly as suppliers of protein and especially in harsh environmental conditions. In such situations, the available grazing is not generally sufficient to meet the maintenance requirements of animals, at least for part of the year. This occurs, for example, in some mountainous regions and in the dry tropicswhere the grazing is also sometimes very degraded. Thus, in extensive animal production systems in the dry areas of Africa, it is generallye stimated that ligneous materials contribute up to 90% of production and account for 40-50% of the total available feed. Such figures illustrate the existing and urgent need not only for better knowledge but also for better use of such potential, particularly in the context of environmental degradation which is affecting our planet. On the other ha nd, in the humid tropics of Latin America, the South-cast Asia and Africa, foddersfrom trees and shrubs from leguminous species - are beginning to be utilized more dietary nitrogen supplements for ruminants. In this respect, new a significant move to look for new sources of protein from shrubs. However, given the increasing demand for forage and availability of low quality basal feed materials which require protein supplementation, high protein fodders from leguminous trees and shrubs could have a much more significant role in animal feeding systems throughout the developing world. In this respect, there is a need for more research to develop technically viable solutions. These solutions must also be economically and socially acceptable; they must preserve natural resources and protect the environment. In other words, the challenge is the sustainable development of fodder trees and shrubs......... -
No Thumbnail AvailableBook (stand-alone)Socioeconomic attributes of trees and tree planting practices 1991
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No results found.Dr. John Raintree of the International Center for Research in Agroforestry, with the support of its Director General Bjorn Lundgren, has cooperated with the Forestry Department of FAO to write this forestry note. A number of people contributed to literature searches, contributed literature and made substantive comments. The document has also had the benefit of a review by a group of experts in both forestry and the social sciences. "Socioeconomic Attributes of Trees and Tree Planting Practices" was developed for the Community Forestry Unit and was coordinated by Marilyn Hoskins, Senior Community Forestry Officer. It was partially funded by SIDA and partially funded by the multi-donor trust fund, Forests, Trees and People, which focuses on increased sustainable livelihoods for women and men in developing countries, especially the rural poor, through self-help management of tree and forest resources. It is to be followed by a field guide that will make these ideas available for field use by foresters and forestry project staff.
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