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MeetingMeeting documentStatus of the shark fishery ban in the Maldives and the implementation of the National Plan of Action on Sharks - An update with notes on turtles and seabirds 2015
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MeetingMeeting documentStatus of development and implementation of national plans of action for seabirds and sharks, and implementation of the FAO guidelines to reduce marine turtle mortality in fishing operations 2013
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No results found.PURPOSE To provide the Scientific Committee with the opportunity to update and comment on the current status of development and implementation of Natiol Plans of Action for seabirds and sharks, and the implementation of the FAO guidelines to reduce marine turtle mortality in fishing operations, by each CPC.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookCommon plants of Maldives 2016
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No results found.The book includes information on 270 species of vascular plants observed during our surveys conducted in more than 50 islands in Maldives. It deals with the common native as well as all alien plants which are currently occuring in the Islands. Information provided includes the current valid name of the plant, most popular synonyms, names in Dhivehi and a few common English names. Plant descriptions given include data on vegetative characters avoiding confusing scientific terms, as far as possibl e. Data collected from the fi eld are the source of information on the occurrence and pattern of distribution in different islands. Threats and damages caused by invasive alien species are also included. Ethnobotanical information collected during the study is given under uses. However, use of any plant/plant parts for medicinal purposes, based on the information provided in this book, cannot be recommended for want of evidence on the non-toxicity of the plant/ plant parts. So, the readers of th e book are advised to refrain from use of the plant/ plant parts for medicinal purposes. It is hoped that this book will be used as a field guide for identification of native, nonnative and invasive plants of Maldives by specialists and non-specialists alike. -
DocumentOther documentTowards an Integrated Shark Conservation and Management Measure for the Western and Central Pacific Ocean 2013
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No results found.The WCPFC has recently initiated a Shark Research Plan and adopted three conservation and magement measures (CMMs) requiring controls on finning, encouragement of live release and data provision (CMM 2010?07); no?retention of oceanic whitetip sharks (CMM 2011?04); and a prohibition on deliberately setting purse seines on whale sharks (CMM 2012?04). In parallel with these WCPFC?led shark activities, some members (CCMs) have instituted shark catch limits, established rules for no?retention of any sharks whether dead or alive, and/or banned the use of wire leaders. This current situation represents a patchwork of controls and the net benefit in terms of reduced shark mortality is yet to be determined. This paper examines three existing WCPFC shark measures in terms of their implementation and effectiveness. This alysis is complicated by a lack of specific objectives in each measure as well as a lack of verification data and review processes. Current implementation of CMM requirements appe ars to be at best ~60% and in several cases considerably lower. This is partially due to ambiguities in interpretation of the CMMs such that opposite outcomes can both be considered compliant. Extremely low regiol observer program coverage (<2%) in the longline fishery, which catches over ten times as many of the key shark species as the purse seine fishery does, further hampers assessment of effectiveness. Nevertheless, it appears that the Commission’s finning controls provide only a negligible benefit to shark survival. Lack of consistent recording of shark discards/releases will similarly impede a future assessment of the effectiveness of the oceanic whitetip and whale shark measures. It is thus concluded that although WCPO assessments have demonstrated the need for shark mortality reductions, these are not yet being delivered by the WCPFC CMMs. Protectionistic measures (e.g. no?retention whether dead or alive) adopted by some CCMs for tiol waters are fundamentally different from th e “full utilization” approach outlined in the Intertiol Plan of Action?Sharks (the basis of the cornerstone WCPFC CMM) and highlight the need for a new, integrated regiol framework in the form of a comprehensive shark CMM. By using shark fishing mortality as a single “currency”, such a framework can help to find common ground between measures adopted in different tiol jurisdictions and extend these principles into high seas areas. It can also avoid decision?making stalemates arising from one?siz e?fits?all proposals which suit some fisheries but not others. An approach similar to that used for tropical tus is proposed whereby a fishing mortality magement goal is set based on assessment results, and a package of mitigation measures designed to reach the goal is negotiated and implemented on an interim basis. Verification data are generated and retrospective alysis leads to periodic revisiting of the measure. The paper concludes with recommendations for a) improving the Commission’s abili ty to confirm compliance with the existing measures; b) maximizing the effectiveness of the existing measures; and c) creating a framework within which the effectiveness of all measures (existing or proposed) can be judged on their ability to control fishing mortality for overfished shark stocks. The WCPFC has the opportunity and the responsibility to mage highly migratory shark stocks in a comprehensive and integrated manner across the Convention Area, and must therefore take actions which are not only expedient, but also meaningful and effective. -
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