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FAO Aquaculture Newsletter - December 2000 - No.26











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    FAO Aquaculture Newsletter 46 - December 2010 2010
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    The December 2010 issue of FAN contains an editorial on "ntroduced species in fisheries and aquaculture" which represents an issue of concern for genetic implications of native species; a large part of this issue is dedicated to the outcomes of the Global Conference of Aquaculture held in Phuket, Thailand (22-25 September 2010) and the Fifth Session of the COFI-Sub-Committee on Aquaculture (27 September-1 October 2010); the recently-established NASO map collection Web site; articles on strengthe ning aquaculture biosecurity capacity in Southern Africa; ecolabelling, certification and responsible fisheries and aquaculture; on-farm feeding and feed management in aquaculture; an expert workshop in enhancing the contribution of smallscale aquaculture to food security, poverty alleviation and socio economic development; fifth meeting of the RECOFI Working Group on Aquaculture; and RECOFI Technical Workshop on Spatial Planning for Marine Capture Fisheries and Aquaculture. Other articles and F AO aquaculture publications are also featured.
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    FAO Aquaculture Newsletter - April 2000 - No.24 2000
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    FAO Aquaculture Newsletter (FAN) is issued three times a year in the form of printed newsletter by the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. It presents articles and views from the FAO aquaculture programme and highlights various aspects of aquaculture as seen from the perspective of both headquarters and the field programme. Articles are contributed by FAO staff from within and outside the Department, from FAO regional offices and field projects, by FAO consultants and, occasionally, by inv itation from other sources. FAN is distributed free of charge to all FAO member countries and has a current circulation of about 1 500 copies. It is also available online at: http://www.fao.org/fishery/publications/fan/
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    FAO Aquaculture Newsletter - August 2000 - No. 25 2000
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    FAO Aquaculture Newsletter (FAN) is issued three times a year in the form of printed newsletter by the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. It presents articles and views from the FAO aquaculture programme and highlights various aspects of aquaculture as seen from the perspective of both headquarters and the field programme. Articles are contributed by FAO staff from within and outside the Department, from FAO regional offices and field projects, by FAO consultants and, occasionally, by inv itation from other sources. FAN is distributed free of charge to all FAO member countries and has a current circulation of about 1 500 copies. It is also available online at: http://www.fao.org/fishery/publications/fan/

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    由于更新了很多国家的数据,今年我们能更精确地对世界饥饿状况进行估算。尤其是新数据的出现帮助我们对中国2000年以来所有食物不足系列年度估计数进行了重新修订,大幅调低了世界食物不足人数。尽管如此,修订后的数字仍印证了以往几期报告中提出的趋势:全球饥饿人口数量自2014年起一直呈缓慢增加趋势。报告还显示,各种形式营养不良带来的负担依然是一项挑战。虽然在儿童发育迟缓、低出生体重和纯母乳喂养相关方面已取得一定进展,但进展速度依然过慢。在所有区域,儿童超重问题尚未得到改善,成人肥胖问题则不断加重。本报告除了对粮食安全和营养状况进行常规评估外,还增加了在假设过去十年趋势持续不变的情况下,对2030年世界前景的预测。预测结果表明,我们的世界难以到2030年实现零饥饿目标,同时,尽管已经取得一定进展,但多数指标表明我们也无法实现全球营养目标。由于COVID-19疫情对健康和社会经济造成影响,多数弱势群体的粮食安全和营养状况很可能进一步恶化。本报告聚焦于膳食质量,将其视为粮食安全和营养之间的关键联系。要想实现可持续发展目标2项下的各项目标,就必须保证人人都能获得充足的食物,同时还要吃得起营养食物。报告还新增了对不同区域、不同发展背景下世界各地健康膳食的成本和经济可负担性的分析。报告对当前食物消费方式的健康和气候变化相关成本进行估值,并介绍一旦转向有助于可持续性的健康膳食后可能节约的成本。报告最后探讨粮食系统转型相关政策和战略,以确保人们能够负担得起健康膳食,从而为消除饥饿和一切形式营养不良做出贡献。
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    Biotoxins produced by certain algal species can be accumulated by bivalve molluscs. This constitutes one of the major public health risks that need to be managed during shellfish production. With a view to aiding risk assessment, monitoring and surveillance programmes, this paper provides a range of information about the various biotoxins globally recorded in shellfish: levels detected, toxicological data, methods of analysis for detection and quantification of toxins, and the risk assessment ap proach for public health management. The complex chemical nature of the toxins, along with several analogues, hampers the development and validation of methods for their detection, for the evaluation of their toxicity and for the development of limits for shellfish safety management. This paper also illustrates the approach taken by the Codex Alimentarius Commission in developing guidelines for bivalve shellfish safety management and for establishing Codex standards for live and raw bivalve moll uscs.
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    A third assessment of global marine fisheries discards 2019
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    This third update of FAO’s global discard estimate adopted the ‘fishery-by-fishery’ approach employed in the second discards assessment published in 2005. The update included publicly available discard data in the last 20 years to establish a baseline of a time series of global marine fisheries discards. This is essential for monitoring the status and trends of discard management, which is the first step of the ecosystem approach to fisheries management cycle. In addition, the study developed a new fisheries data table incorporating landings data from the FAO Global Capture Production dataset (FishStat J) from 2010 to 2014, which allocated the landings to over 2 000 fisheries worldwide. The current study estimated that the annual discards from global marine capture fisheries between 2010 and 2014 was 9.1 million tonnes (95% CI: 6.7 – 16.1 million tonnes). About 46 percent (4.2 million tonnes) of total annual discards were from bottom trawls that included otter trawls, shrimp trawls, pair bottom trawls, twin otter trawls and beam trawls. The study included a synthesis of estimates of bycatch and discards of endangered, threatened and protected (ETP) species. Substantial advances have been made in quantifying fisheries interactions with such species so as to make informed decisions on their protection. However, many challenges remain, especially for small-scale fisheries. The development of standardized data collection techniques, risk-based sampling and sharing of data across agencies and regions will help to identify management priorities and allow implementation and enforcement of mitigation measures. A review of previous research showed that discard practices were often related to a wide range of factors, so it is difficult to assess the effectiveness of fishery management actions on the amount and practice of discards. Many regulations are inconsistently enforced, and their implementation is often less strict than intended. Piecemeal approaches in many bycatch and discards management measures can result in unintended cross-taxa conflicts, where regulations designed to reduce bycatch and/or discards of one species or species group may increase bycatch and/or discards of another. Examination of approaches to accounting for and mitigating against pre-catch, post-capture and ghost fishing mortalities demonstrates that an understanding of the relative importance of factors affecting indirect fishing mortality is necessary for estimating total fishing-induced mortality and for designing and implementing mitigation measures.