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Book (series)Establishing residue supply chains to reduce open burning – The case of rice straw and renewable energy in Punjab, India 2022
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No results found.Open burning of crop residues in India is a serious issue that not only impacts human health but is also detrimental to soil health in the long term. According to the estimates from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, about 500 million tonnes of crop residues are generated annually. While a portion of these residues is used for various purposes, a larger portion is burnt in the fields. The problem seems to be specifically severe in Punjab where a large quantity of rice straw is nurnt after harvesting rice to prepare the field quickly and cheaply for wheat cultivation. It is in this background that the project aimed to support the local government in Punjab and the national government of India to use rice straw productively and avoid open burning. Rice straw is a useful resource that can be used in-situ to maintain soil fertility as well as ex-situ to produce value added products including energy. However, a key challenge in using crop residues, including rice straw, is to mobilize it in systematically. This report presents a model crop residue value chain that can support the collection, transport, storage of rice straw which can enable productive uses of rice straw. Moreover, it estimates the quantity of rice straw produced in each district in Punjab and further estimates the investment needed in developing a crop residue supply chain in the state. Finally, it also undertakes a techno-economic assessment of energy technlogies to identify the most profitable way to use rice straw to produce sustainable energy. -
Book (series)Food and gear loss from selected gillnet and trammel net fisheries of India 2020
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No results found.This publication is based on an assessment of fish and fishing gear loss from selected gillnet and trammel net fisheries of India. It presents information on the types, causes and levels of losses, as well as technological, social, environmental and policy options to reduce losses from fishing and post-harvest operations. A secondary data review provided a preliminary understanding of fish and gear losses in India. Data from state governments, fishers cooperative societies, and community centres was used to address some knowledge gaps. Research teams undertook primary data collection in 12 locations, and 583 fishing vessels were surveyed. Respondents in group and key informant interviews included vessel captains, crew, fish vendors and auction agents. Women respondents were interviewed where available. The study found that gillnet fisheries were characterized by sizeable losses of both fish and gear, with a number of causes being highlighted. The combined loss of fish and nets amounted to almost one third of a motorized vessel owner’s income, and was significantly higher than the household’s expenditure on fishing, household maintenance, quality-of-life costs (healthcare, etc.), loan servicing, or leisure activities. Conclusions seek to locate the fish and gear losses in the wider fisheries and macroeconomic context, and emphasize the need to address them as part of broader and holistic development and management agendas. This publication will be of interest to technical specialists and extension agents concerned with loss and waste prevention and reduction, and to those wishing to learn more about the topic and conduct similar research. -
Book (series)Evaluation of the project “Restoring subsistence and commercial agriculture in tribal districts, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa”
Project code: GCP/PAK/138/USA
2021Also available in:
No results found.The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Newly Merged Districts have seen a prolonged military conflict leading to the wide-spread displacement of its population and damages and losses to the agricultural lands, irrigation and water harvesting structures, and livestock populations. Since 2015, the rehabilitation of the displaced population is ongoing but slow due to loss of livelihoods and reduced income opportunities. To support the restoration of livelihoods, funded by the United States Agency for International Development for USD 10 million, FAO undertook the project for “Restoring subsistence and commercial agriculture in tribal districts, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa” which involved training farmers on climate-smart agriculture practices, rehabilitating facilities/infrastructures, operationalizing small-scale enterprises, and supporting agriculture and livestock production. The evaluation found that while the project was mostly successful in meeting output targets, a critical review of the following elements can further improve programme delivery: review of procurement processes, market-led initiatives for value chain development through strengthening producer marketing groups, operation and maintenance plans for rehabilitated schemes, gender-specific interventions, and revising reporting formats for effective monitoring and evaluation.
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