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Drought management in Namibia









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    Livestock - Coping with drought: Namibia - A case study 1998
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    In 1992/93 Namibia suffered its worst drought in living memory. This paper presents a case study of coping with drought in the communal areas and freehold (commercial) farms of Namibia, based largely on the experiences, information gained and lessons learned from that drought. Some emphasis is put on considering the effects of drought on the rangelands, and the options available to livestock keepers to contend with drought, but the majority of the rural population of Namibia are agro-pastoralist s, hence the implications for crop production are also covered. The paper tracks the rather ad hoc pre-1992 drought relief practice to the impact of, and responses to, the 1992/93 drought, to the formulation of a National Drought Policy and Strategy in 1997. Finally, some policy issues and options are considered.
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    Assessment of impacts and recovery needs of communities affected by the El Niño-induced drought in Kunene, Erongo and Omusati regions of Namibia 2016
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    The assessment revealed that in Omusati at least 97 percent of the communities were reliant on crop production followed by Kunene which reported only 20 percent. Erongo region had 96 percent households reporting that they were reliant on livestock farming followed by Kunene at 72 percent. Pearl millet (mahangu) and maize were the main crops cultivated in terms of area allocated in Kunene and Omusati regions respectively during the 2015/16 season. The average crop losses for maize were 94.7 perce nt and 72.6 percent in Omusati and Kunene regions respectively. In addition to the sharp decline in production, the reduction in hectares under cultivation and limited rainfall have capped the demand for casual labor for planting and weeding – a key source of income during the agricultural season. The number of households deriving income and grain from casual labor significantly decreased during the 2015/16 agricultural season.
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    Pastoralism, drought early warning and response 1998
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    The majority of current Early Warning Systems (EWS) are not capable of detecting drought stress on pastoralists nor capable of providing adequate information for intervention to support pastoralists during a drought. This paper will identify the reasons for this failure and outline implications to make the early warning and response process more appropriate for the pastoral sector. A theoretical framework on ‘entitlements’ will be used for this purpose. EWS need to put more emphasis on monitoring ‘determinants of entitlements’, such as markets, assets, rights and opportunities to change livelihoods, instead of monitoring only rainfall, vegetation and crop production. Decentralised early warning and response capacities have many more advantages for this purpose than centralised ones.

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