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ArticleMinimum Dietary Diversity for Women: Partitioning Misclassifications by Proxy Data Collection Methods using Weighed Food Records as the Reference in Ethiopia 2024
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No results found.Food group consumption misclassifications by proxy data collection methods were mainly attributable to females overreporting consumption because of respondent biases or the criterion for foods to be counted, rather than the suboptimal development of the food list in Ethiopia. To obtain precise and accurate MDD-W estimates at the (sub)national level, rigorous context-specific food list development, questionnaire pilot testing, and enumerator training are recommended to mitigate identified biases. -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetIntegrating Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) into multitopic surveys
Simple dietary data for better nutrition
2024Poor diets are a leading cause of death and disease, yet a chronic lack of dietary data jeopardizes effective, evidence-based actions on nutrition. The Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) indicator is a simple, food group-based indicator that can be integrated into existing large-scale surveys with relative ease, enabling the collection of valuable data on dietary diversity. This can in turn inform policies and interventions to improve nutrition in low- and middle-income countries. As a low-cost, easy-to-collect and easy-to-interpret indicator, MDD-W has already been successfully integrated into several large-scale surveys, including the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), and the Gallup© World Poll. Including MDD-W in more multitopic surveys will strengthen the global knowledge base on diets, and help countries monitor and achieve their nutrition goals. -
ArticleMinimum Dietary Diversity for Women: precision of national surveys and accuracy of brief data collection instruments 2025
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No results found.Unhealthy diets are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. While gradual progress has been made on collecting nationally representative quantitative dietary intake data, diets remain infrequently monitored on a large scale worldwide. In response to the financial and human resource burden and lagged data dissemination associated with quantitative dietary assessment, low-burden brief data collection instruments have been developed – which are conventionally qualitative recalls of food groups consumption. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of consensus on the measures and indicators that best capture the four priority sub-constructs of a healthy diet for monitoring purposes (i.e., diversity, nutrient adequacy, macronutrient balance, and moderation). Consequently, healthy diet indicators have been omitted in global monitoring frameworks, such as the Sustainable Development Goals and the World Health Assembly global nutrition targets. Due to the rapid pace of changes across food systems and the associated dietary transition, however, the importance of monitoring what people eat and drink across population groups and countries has never been more critical. Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) has been identified as a promising indicator for monitoring diets globally. MDD-W questionnaires have been integrated into, amongst others, the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and the Gallup World Poll (GWP).
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