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ArticleJournal articleEconomic and social development along the urban–rural continuum: New opportunities to inform policy 2022
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No results found.The economic and social development of nations relies on their population having physical access to services and employment opportunities. For the vast majority of the 3.4 billion people living in rural areas, this largely depends on their access to urban centers of different sizes. Similarly, urban centers depend on their rural hinterlands. Building on the literature on functional areas/territories and the rural–urban continuum as well as insights from central place theory, this review article advances the notion of catchment areas differentiated along an urban-to-rural continuum to better capture these urban–rural interconnections. This article further shows how a new, publicly available dataset operationalizing this concept can shed new light on policymaking across a series of development fields, including institutions and governance, urbanization and food systems, welfare and poverty, access to health and education services, and environmental and natural resource management. Together, the insights support a more geographically nuanced perspective on development. -
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ProjectFactsheetStrengthening Urban-Rural Food Systems for a Sustainable Future - GCP/INT/275/GER 2025
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No results found.Today, approximately 55 percent of the world’s population lives in urban areas, and this proportion is expected to rise to 68 percent by 2050, with most growth occurring in Africa and Southeast Asia. This rapid urbanization, alongside an estimated nine-billion world population by 2050, creates significant challenges to traditional food production and food and nutrition security. Climate change further complicates these challenges, with the frequency of climate-related shocks and stresses (such as droughts, floods and storms) nearly doubling over the past two decades. These changes impact key infrastructure and stakeholders across the entire food system, particularly those most vulnerable, and disrupt food supply chains, exacerbating food insecurity, especially for low-income urban populations dependent on purchased food. Cities are seeking support to plan interventions that make food systems more sustainable, inclusive and resilient to shocks, with strong rural-urban linkages. There is an emphasis on enhancing the role of small-scale farmers and scaling up resilient and sustainable practices. The COVID 19 pandemic has further strained urban food systems, disrupting food supply chains and worsening vulnerabilities, particularly in already precarious urban and peri-urban areas.In response to these challenges, the City Region Food Systems (CRFS) programme was established, demonstrating its effectiveness in strengthening rural-urban linkages and promoting integrated approaches for more resilient food systems.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
BookletHigh-profileFAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 2022The FAO Strategy on Climate Change 2022–2031 was endorsed by FAO Council in June 2022. This new strategy replaces the previous strategy from 2017 to better FAO's climate action with the Strategic Framework 2022-2031, and other FAO strategies that have been developed since then. The Strategy was elaborated following an inclusive process of consultation with FAO Members, FAO staff from headquarters and decentralized offices, as well as external partners. It articulates FAO's vision for agrifood systems by 2050, around three main pillars of action: at global and regional level, at country level, and at local level. The Strategy also encourages key guiding principles for action, such as science and innovation, inclusiveness, partnerships, and access to finance.
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018.