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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookGeographic information – Classification systems: Land Cover Meta Language (LCML)
Part 2: ISO 19144-2:2023 (Edition 2)
2025Also available in:
No results found.The ISO 19144-2 – land cover meta language (LCML) is prepared jointly by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and Technical Committee of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) i.e., Technical Committee 211 (TC211) on Geographic information/Geomatics. This document specifies a Land Cover Meta Language (LCML) expressed as a UML metamodel that allows different Land Cover classification systems to be described based on physiognomic aspects. This document recognizes that a number of Land Cover classification systems exist. It provides a common reference structure for the comparison and integration of data for any generic Land Cover classification system, but does not intend to replace those classification systems.FAO acknowledges with deep appreciation the exceptional permission granted by ISO to continue republishing the current editions of the ISO 19144 series as FAO publications. This unique arrangement underscores the spirit of mutual trust and collaboration between the two organizations, ensuring wider and equitable access to these essential standards by Member Nations, technical partners and practitioners around the world. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe land characterization meta-language
A new approach to define the primary aspects of land through the functional relationship of its biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics
2024Also available in:
No results found.There is a clear relationship between land cover (LC) and land use (LU). In fact, many existing LU classifications are based on LC information and vice versa. In practice, in many instances LC and LU concepts are so closely interrelated that often the meaning of terms becomes interchangeable. The description of a portion of land includes both LC and LU information (described as the biophysical land components and the human activities that shape and/or modify them). In a modern and efficient system, one cannot substitute one for the other. However, the two are and must be well separated concepts. Therefore, an effective and functional relationship between LC and LU needs to be established formally.This publication attempts to show this relationship. The title, and characterization meta-language, is used in this paper to represent the combination of the description of the terms LC and LU. The land characterization meta-language includes both LC and LU and the bridging relationships between them. The land characterization meta-language schema follows the premise that an effective and functional LC and LU relationship can be built only with a change of paradigm creating a unified modelling language schema based on the three-way relationship between the biophysical cover, the activities being performed and the functions to which the land is devoted at a point in time. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookGeographic information – Classification systems: Classification system structure
Part 1: ISO 19144-1:2009 with Cor.1:2012 (Edition 1)
2025Also available in:
No results found.The ISO 19144-1 – classification system structure is prepared jointly by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and Technical Committee of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) i.e., Technical Committee 211 (TC211) on Geographic information/Geomatics. This part of ISO 19144 series, ISO 19144-1:2009, establishes the structure of a geographic information classification system, together with the mechanism for defining and registering the classifiers for such a system. It specifies the use of discrete coverages to represent the result of applying the classification system to a particular area and defines the technical structure of a register of classifiers in accordance with ISO 19135.FAO acknowledges with deep appreciation the exceptional permission granted by ISO to continue republishing the current editions of the ISO 19144 series as FAO publications. This unique arrangement underscores the spirit of mutual trust and collaboration between the two organizations, ensuring wider and equitable access to these essential standards by Member Nations, technical partners and practitioners around the world.
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BookletCorporate general interestFAOSTYLE: English 2024The objective of having a house style is to ensure clarity and consistency across all FAO publications. Now available in HTML, this updated edition of FAOSTYLE: English covers matters such as punctuation, units, spelling and references. All FAO staff, consultants and contractors involved in writing, reviewing, editing, translating or proofreading FAO texts and information products in English should use FAOSTYLE, together with the practical guidance on processes and layout questions provided in Publishing at FAO – strategy and guidance.
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