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Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetHigh-profileRural Migration Policy Assistance
Supporting governments to design policies and programmes to scale up alternatives and maximize the benefits of rural migration
2019Also available in:
No results found.One-third of all international migrants are aged 15 to 34, many from rural areas. Understanding the causes of migration is key to a longer-term solution. Better information and evidence on migration will inform policymaking and help to create alternatives for rural youth. Any comprehensive solution requires migration concerns to be mainstreamed into agricultural and rural-development policies. This initiative will provide new, viable rural-livelihood opportunities for youth in migration-prone areas. It will also enhance the positive impact of migration for agricultural and rural development by strengthening the enabling environment for investment, leveraging migrant remittances and engaging diaspora networks in agribusiness development. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookRural migration in sub-Saharan Africa: patterns, drivers and relation to structural transformation
Rural employment working paper
2019Also available in:
No results found.Sub-Saharan Africa has a long history of internal and international migratory movements. Migration patterns and dynamics from, to and between rural areas are profoundly differentiated across regions, and flows have considerably evolved over time. Yet, more recently, rural migration takes place in the unique situation of a major rural and urban demographic increase, which results in critical socio-economic and environmental challenges. In this context, intertwined migration drivers emerge and call for a better understanding of on-going dynamics. This working paper draws on a combination of literature review and data analysis, building on the results of the Atlas "Rural Africa in motion. Dynamics and drivers of migration South of the Sahara". This mixed approach is used to propose a conceptual framework based on past, current and future drivers of migration, then to examine observed patterns of rural migration and finally to discuss drivers’ characteristics and dynamics from case studies and existing datasets. -
BookletCorporate general interestStrengthening sector policies for better food security and nutrition results: Rural Migration
Policy Guidance Note No. 10
2017Migration is part of the development process and can contribute to achieving food and nutrition security, although tangible benefits and opportunities are maximized when adequate policies are in place and decent working conditions are ensured. The relation between migration, food security and nutrition is complex and very much context-specific. On the one hand, food and nutrition insecurity is among the root causes of migration out of rural areas, together with other socio-economic factors. On the other hand, migration can have different impacts – positive or negative – on the four dimensions of food security. Strengthening policy coherence is crucial to harness the development potential of migration for food security and nutrition. In particular, policy interventions need to both reduce the pressure to migrate, by addressing the root causes of migration, and ensure safe, orderly and regular movements of people. This guidance note illustrates policy changes that have proved successful in ensuring greater synergy between the rural migration and food security and nutrition policy agendas.Visit the Webpage
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DocumentGuidelineGood Practices for Regulatory Inspections: Guidelines for Reformers 2005
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookHuman energy requirements
Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation
2004Also available in:
No results found.Since 1949, FAO has convened groups of experts to evaluate current scientific knowledge in order to define the energy requirements of humans and propose dietary energy recommendations for populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) joined this initiative in the early 1950s, and the United Nations University (UNU) in 1981. New scientific knowledge generated in the 20 years since the last consultation was held prompted the assembly of a new expert consultation to make recommen dations for energy requirements of populations throughout the life cycle. This publication is the report of that consultation, which took place from 17 to 24 October 2001 at FAO headquarters in Rome. The report is not meant merely to describe the energy expenditure and requirements of population groups. It is intended also to be prescriptive in supporting and maintaining health and good nutrition, defining human energy requirements and proposing dietary energy recommendations for populations. The new concepts and recommendations set forth in the report include: calculation of energy requirements for all ages; modification of the requirements and dietary energy recommendations for infants, older children and adolescents; proposals for different requirements for populations with lifestyles that involve different levels of habitual physical activity; reassessment of energy requirements for adults, based on energy expenditure estimates expressed as multiples of basal metabolic rates; classification and recommendations of physical activity levels; an experimental approach for factorial estimates of the energy needs of pregnancy and lactation; and recommendations for additional dietary energy needs in the two last trimesters of pregnancy. The report is accompanied by a CD-ROM software program and instruction manual on calculating population energy requirements and food needs. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookDietary assessment
A resource guide to method selection and application in low resource settings
2018Also available in:
No results found.FAO provides countries with technical support to conduct nutrition assessments, in particular to build the evidence base required for countries to achieve commitments made at the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) and under the 2016-2025 UN Decade of Action on Nutrition. Such concrete evidence can only derive from precise and valid measures of what people eat and drink. There is a wide range of dietary assessment methods available to measure food and nutrient intakes (expressed as energy insufficiency, diet quality and food patterns etc.) in diet and nutrition surveys, in impact surveys, and in monitoring and evaluation. Differenct indicators can be selected according to a study's objectives, sample population, costs and required precision. In low capacity settings, a number of other issues should be considered (e.g. availability of food composition tables, cultural and community specific issues, such as intra-household distribution of foods and eating from shared plates, etc.). This manual aims to signpost for the users the best way to measure food and nutrient intakes and to enhance their understanding of the key features, strengths and limitations of various methods. It also highlights a number of common methodological considerations involved in the selection process. Target audience comprises of individuals (policy-makers, programme managers, educators, health professionals including dietitians and nutritionists, field workers and researchers) involved in national surveys, programme planning and monitoring and evaluation in low capacity settings, as well as those in charge of knowledge brokering for policy-making.