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ArticleDiagnosing the business models of forestry cooperatives: Reflections from the tropics
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Smallholder tree growers are the backbone in securing the increasing demand of wood products in tropical countries, particularly Ethiopia and Vietnam. Cooperatives, as a form of enterprise-oriented social organization, are gaining attention in the forestry field. Forestry cooperatives act as an instrument in managing forest resources and developing rural livelihoods. However, understanding the business models of forestry cooperatives involving rural smallholders still begs for further investigation. We employed comparative analysis of two existing case studies of forestry cooperatives from northern Ethiopia and central Vietnam to diagnose their business models. The cases were purposively selected representing the well-experienced cooperatives of small-scale timber producers in both study areas. Grounded on the business model canvas framework, we systematically described the main components, such as main customers, key resources and cost-benefit structure. Data were obtained empirically through key informant interviews and complemented by institutional records. Findings portrayed the selected Ethiopian cooperative (Case 1) generally as a timber wholesaler who collected Eucalyptus poles from member farmers and sold to other traders and/or local end-users. In contrast, the Vietnamese cooperative (Case 2) served as an institutional actor and a service provider in Acacia timber value chains (VCs). Despite their different position in the respective VCs, they both played crucial roles, particularly in facilitating linkages between their members to timber markets and forest-related knowledge extension. Regardless the business environment and characteristics, their performance implied various limitations, such as shortage in innovation capability and effective cost-benefit management. We derived lessons learned from each case study and outlined recommendations for enhancing business performance of forestry cooperatives. Keywords: smallholders, rural entrepreneurship, Acacia, Eucalyptus, value chain, Ethiopia, Vietnam ID: 3485352 -
Brochure, flyer, fact-sheetDiagnosing Tropical Race 4 from field to lab
TR4 Global Network - An initiative of the World Banana Forum
2020Early detection and diagnosis of the presence of Tropical Race 4 (TR4), combined with rapid destruction of infected banana plants and on-farm restrictions, are the only ways to control and contain the disease-causing fungus. Process on how to diagnose TR4 – From field to lab outlines some actions farmers/growers can take to recognize the symptoms of TR4. These include: always keep an eye out for TR4; notify authorities such as the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) to report any suspected TR4 signs and symptoms; await relevant authorities for specialized inspection; facilitate the collection of samples that can be packaged, labelled, and sent with a secure chain of custody to a specialised laboratory; and ensure laboratory testing, which, alone, can truly confirm a TR4 outbreak. Other possible diagnoses of plants afflicted with TR4-like symptoms are also outlined in the document. Sometimes, what was initially suspected to be TR4 turns out to be a different disease or natural phenomenon. In any case all suspected cases should be treated as potentially hazardous. -
Book (stand-alone)Diagnose ecologique et zonation biologique du lac de Bizerte: applications aquacoles. 1986
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