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MeetingMeeting documentOutline of climate and oceanographic conditions in the Indian Ocean in the recent years: an update to August 2013 2013
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No results found.In this paper, we provide an update on the trends of climate and oceanographic conditions in the Indian Ocean and in sub-regions (Somali basin, East and West Equatorial areas, Mozambique Channel and Maldives). The ENSO cycle has been largely fluctuating between ENSO-neutral and Niña conditions during the past 4 years. Positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies have prevailed since the early 2000 over the West Indian Ocean (WIO). Substantial deepening of the thermocline occurs in the WIO in relation with intense El Niño events, but the opposite response (shoaling) during La Niña events is not clear on the long term. Since 2008, SOI has shown predomintly positive values (Niña) and thermocline has shoaled without major disruption along this trend until April 2011. Chlorophyll (SSC) has shown a declining trend over 2006-2010, followed by a slight increase from October 2010 to May 2011 in association with a Niña event, then continued to decline until March 2013. Then, the trend revers ed and positive anomalies developed from May 2013 onwards. Highly positive SSC anomalies were found in July-September 2013 in the Somali basin (40% above normal), suggesting an intensification of the Somali upwelling. In other areas, SSC was about the average in 2013 (Mozambique Channel, Maldives) or still slightly negative (10 % below normal) in the West equatorial (December 2012 to February 2013) and East equatorial areas. The overall chlorophyll- depleted conditions for 2006-2012 (except 2011 ) in the WIO, when the thermocline was shoaling, is unclear as we might have expected a positive chlorophyll response to an increased supply of nutrients in the photic layer associated with shallow thermocline. The skipjack purse seine CPUEs on associated sets, in the Somali basin during July-September, are distributed in chlorophyll-enriched areas resulting from the upwelling. In 2010-2012, the position of the 0.4 mg.m-3 isoline of chlorophyll concentration delineated the eastward boundary of t he skipjack CPUEs. -
MeetingMeeting documentRecent status of Taiwanese tuna longline fisheries operate in the Indian Ocean 2013
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MeetingMeeting documentUpdated growth estimates for skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye tuna in the Indian Ocean using the most recent tag-recapture and otolith data 2013
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BookletCorporate general interestEmissions due to agriculture
Global, regional and country trends 2000–2018
2021Also available in:
No results found.The FAOSTAT emissions database is composed of several data domains covering the categories of the IPCC Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector of the national GHG inventory. Energy use in agriculture is additionally included as relevant to emissions from agriculture as an economic production sector under the ISIC A statistical classification, though recognizing that, in terms of IPCC, they are instead part of the Energy sector of the national GHG inventory. FAO emissions estimates are available over the period 1961–2018 for agriculture production processes from crop and livestock activities. Land use emissions and removals are generally available only for the period 1990–2019. This analytical brief focuses on overall trends over the period 2000–2018. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
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No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.