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Forestry sector review of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2021












Siddiq, A., Khan, R., Abdel Hamied, A. A., Jeremiah, N., Albarih, S., Querchefani, D. 2025. Forestry sector review of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – 2021. FAO, Riyadh.



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    The booklet contains an overview of the FAO Technical Cooperation Programme with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The longstanding and strategic partnership between FAO and Saudi Arabia since 1948 and focuses on agriculture, food security, and sustainable development. The current cycle of the Technical Cooperation Programme aims to strengthen the capacities of Saudi Arabia's food and agriculture sector to contribute to the Saudi Vision 2030. The ongoing projects under the Programme are "Strengthening the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA) capacity to implement its Sustainable Rural Agriculture Development Programme", "Promoting efficient irrigation and water productivity amongst farmers" and "Enhancing National Capacities for Irrigation Management" include initiatives on sustainable agriculture, efficient irrigation, beekeeping particularly on productions of coffee Arabica, beekeeping and honey, rose, sub-tropical fruits, rain-fed cereals, strengthening capacity of small-scale fishermen, fish farmers and livestock herders, and sustainable management of rangelands, forests and natural resources to support rural livelihoods. The Programme also supports in enhancing value addition from smallholdings and rural activities and the development of agri-marketing strategies, extension and advisory services, and the strengthening of rural institutions and agriculture cooperatives in Saudi Arabia.
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    Realizing the importance of the forestry sector’s contribution to climate change mitigation and consequently to the improvement of local livelihoods, the World Bank and FAO-Pakistan launched the Forestry Sector Review in 2017. The objective of the Review is to provide a better understanding of current and potential environmental, social, and economic impacts of the forestry ecosystem in the country. Pakistan is a federation of four provinces; Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Punjab and Sindh. The country has three special areas i.e. Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA)1, Gilgit Baltistan (GB) and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT). Pakistan is a forest poor country with a small area of 4.478 million ha (5.1 percent) under forests. This amounts to 0.021 ha per person, compared to the world average of 1 ha/person. The contribution of the forestry sector to the GNP and GDP as per official estimates seems quite insignificant, primarily due to the fact that a multitude of non-timber forest products (NTFP) and non-tangible environmental and ecological benefits of the forests are not taken into account. This review provides estimates of the total extent of forestry resources and identifies opportunities and hotspots while providing key recommendations for realizing a future sustainable forest system in Pakistan. Appropriate mechanisms and a well-defined strategy are required to address the numerous issues involved in sustainable forest management. The Review also highlights the involvement and contributions of local communities as an essential element for natural resource management and biodiversity conservation.
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    This Programme was designed to support technical cooperation between FAO and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Building upon years of successful collaboration, the Programme was larger in scope than previously implemented projects. It was developed to assist the Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) in contributing towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by supporting its strategic objectives and priorities for sustainable agriculture and rural development, which was to be done through the formulation and implementation of several technical assistance projects. Because of its scope, the establishment of a Programme Coordination Unit (PCU) in Riyadh was required. Owing to the launch of the Saudi Vision 2030 and its related development programmes , the planning model and system in the country changed significantly during the period of implementation. In addition, the MoA evolved into the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture (MEWA). For this reason, the programme was adapted so that it could align with the transformation of the development process that was taking place in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

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    While some progress and recovery have been made in recent years, the world is still above pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels and far from eradicating hunger and food insecurity by 2030 (SDG Target 2.1). Similarly, despite some progress in the global nutrition targets, the world is not on track to achieve SDG Target 2.2. Among other factors, persistent food price inflation has slowed this momentum.The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025 highlights how elevated inflation in many countries has undermined purchasing power and, especially among low-income populations, access to healthy diets. The report documents how high food price inflation is associated with increases in food insecurity and child malnutrition. Vulnerable groups, including low-income households, women, and rural communities, can be particularly affected by food price inflation, risking setbacks in the fight against hunger and malnutrition.In response to these challenges and to prevent future price shocks, the report examines policy measures adopted by countries, and outlines what is necessary going forwards. It stresses the importance of coherent implementation of fiscal and monetary policies to stabilize markets, promote open and resilient trade, and protect vulnerable populations. Additionally, it calls for better data systems and sustained investment in resilient agrifood systems to build long-term food security and nutrition. These coordinated actions are vital to reignite progress towards ending hunger and malnutrition by 2030.