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Book (stand-alone)Guidelines for emergency risk-based surveillance
Addressing the avian influenza A(H7N9) emergency
2013Also available in:
The overall objective of risk-based surveillance for H7N9 is to assist national authorities in controlling the spread of infection along poultry market chains and to facilitate the rapid detection of an incursion of H7N9 in non-affected countries or areas. It also aims to improve understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of the virus in domestic bird populations, its geographic distribution, species susceptibility, and the characteristics of affected markets and farming systems. Surveillance will facilitate the genetic characterization of circulating virus, enabling investigation of the evolution of the H7N9 virus... -
Book (series)Guidelines for risk communication messaging
Addressing avian influenza A(H7N9)
2015Also available in:
No results found.Responding to the occurrence of influenza A (H7N9) virus requires a wide array of disciplines. Unlike H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), H7N9 is a low pathogenic virus that does not cause any disease signs in infected birds. Consequently there is no signal from poultry of the zoonotic risk at the animal-human interface. This makes it difficult to persuade animal workers of the potential danger from healthy-appearing poultry. Therefore, capacities in risk communication are crucial for animal and public health specialists, epidemiologists, virologists, veterinarians and many others working to reduce the risk this emerging virus poses. -
Book (series)Recommendations for the surveillance of influenza A(H5N1) in cattle
With broader application to other farmed mammals
2024Also available in:
As influenza A(H5N1) of clade 2.3.4.4b continues to spread from wild birds to poultry and to both terrestrial and marine mammals, the recent cases in cattle highlight the critical importance of being prepared for and responding rapidly to spillover events and of planning for early detection and response at the country level, especially in countries of low and middle income. These recommendations from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) aim to support countries in enhancing influenza A(H5N1) surveillance in cattle populations, with broader application to other farmed mammals, to inform risk assessment and evidence-based disease control measures. Integrated surveillance strategies can leverage existing programmes for avian influenza and other cattle diseases, enabling countries to enhance monitoring capabilities while maintaining cost efficiency. With regard to preparing effectively, FAO recommends a combination of different surveillance methods including risk-based surveillance strategies tailored to individual country contexts. Adopting these recommendations will strengthen early detection efforts, support evidence-based decision-making and help implement targeted risk mitigation measures to protect both livestock and public health.
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