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BookletTechnical briefGovernment expenditures in agriculture 2001–2024
Global and regional trends
2025Also available in:
No results found.Government expenditures reflect countries’ priorities in terms of programmes and sectors and can be used as a direct response to cushion the impacts of economic and social challenges such as a global pandemic, natural disasters or increasing inflation. This brief analyses the latest data available in FAOSTAT for 2001–2024.In 2024, global public expenditures totalled USD 40 trillion in nominal terms, or 36 percent of the global gross domestic product. Of this amount, an estimated all-time high USD 725 billion went to agriculture. -
BookletCorporate general interestGovernment expenditures in agriculture 2001–2022
Global and regional trends
2023Also available in:
No results found.Since 2012, FAO has collected government expenditure on agriculture (GEA) data through a questionnaire sent annually in May to more than 190 countries. Government expenditures reflect countries’ priorities in terms of programmes and sectors and can be used as a direct response to cushion the impacts of economic and social challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic, natural disasters or increasing inflation. This brief analyses the latest data, available for the period 2001–2022. In 2022, global government expenditures reached USD 36 trillion and represented 36.7 percent of the global gross domestic product (GDP). Between 2001 and 2022, total government expenditures showed an increasing trend in nominal terms, from the current USD 12 trillion in 2001 to 37 trillion in 2021, and declined to USD 36 trillion in 2022. Throughout the period, government expenditures represented between 35 and 42 percent of the global GDP. -
BookletCorporate general interestGovernment expenditures in agriculture 2001–2020
Global and regional trends
2022Also available in:
No results found.Since 2012 FAO collects Government Expenditure on Agriculture (GEA) data through a questionnaire sent annually in May to more than 190 countries. The questionnaire was jointly developed with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), using the Classification of the Functions of Government (COFOG). The last update refers to the period 2001-2020. The total government expenditures recorded an all-time high in 2020 driven by the COVID-19 pandemic response. While governments employed a mixture of policy and fiscal measures to cushion the impacts of the pandemic (IMF, 2021), with considerable variations in the agriculture sector, the overall share of agriculture spending continued to fall in most countries.
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Book (stand-alone)Technical bookRussian Federation: Meat sector review
Country highlights prepared under the FAO/EBRD Cooperation
2014Also available in:
World food demand has seen massive changes, including a shift from staple foods to animal proteins and vegetable oils. In the short to medium term, this trend in global food demand will continue. There will be an increased demand for vegetable oils, meat, sugar, dairy products and livestock feed made from coarse grains and oilseed meals. There are numerous mid-term forecasts for the Russian Federation’s meat sector. Most of them agree on the following trends: (i) the consumption of poultry and p ork meat will increase; (ii) the consumption of beef will decrease or stabilize; and (iii) the Russian Federation will remain a net importer of meat on the world market. According to OECD and FAO projections, meat imports from the Russian Federation will decrease from 3 to 1.3 million tonnes, owing to an anticipated growth in domestic chicken meat and pork production. The country’s share in global meat imports is anticipated to decrease from 12 percent in 2006–2010, to 4 percent in 2021. While t he Russian Federation will continue to play an important role in the international meat market, it will fall from its position as the largest meat importing country in 2006–2010 to the fourth largest global meat importer by 2021, behind Japan, sub-Saharan African countries, and Saudi Arabia. -
Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021
Transforming food systems for food security, improved nutrition and affordable healthy diets for all
2021In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation.To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world.In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms. -
Book (stand-alone)Technical bookThe future of food and agriculture - Trends and challenges 2017
Also available in:
No results found.What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.