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Book (series)Technical reportReport of the Expert Consultation on Identifying, Assessing and Reporting on Subsidies in the Fishing Industry - Rome, 3-6 December 2002 2003The Expert Consultation on Identifying, Assessing and Reporting on Subsidies in the Fishing Industry met at FAO Headquarters for four days starting 3 December 2002. The consultation reviewed an FAO guide for identifying, assessing and reporting on subsidies and concluded that with minor modifications the guide is ready for use. It recommended that FAO support Members in undertaking studies based on the guide. The experts considered it important that available methodologies be used to assess im pacts flowing from actions taken by recipient of subsidies on environment, trade, economic growth and social conditions. The consultation concluded that FAO should promote the development and use of appropriate models for the evaluation of impacts of subsidies through actual case studies.
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No Thumbnail AvailableBook (series)Technical studyConservation of the genetic resources of fish: problems and recommendations. Report of the Expert Consultation on the genetic resources of fish. Rome, 9-13 June 1980. 1981
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The report reviews arguments for the preservation of the genetic resources of fish and various strategies for accomplishing this in both marine and continental waters. It reviews the significance of genetic diversity, especially within populations and subpopulations, to the viability of aquatic ecosystems and to the fitness of fish populations, and discuss the various means by which genetic impoverishment comes about. The report emphasizes the importance of maintaining breeding populations of an effective size of at least 50 for short-term fitness and of at least 500 for long-term survival; and of avoiding “genetic bottlenecks” created by reduction of breeding populations to small size for one or more generations. The report also considers available technologies for the monitoring, preservation and enhancement of genetic resources in closely managed fish stocks. It concludes by presenting recommendations addressed to five different groups: these are international organizations, gover nments, aquaculturists and fishery managers, conservationists and research scientists. -
Book (series)Technical studyGuide for identifying, assessing and reporting on subsidies in the fisheries sector 2004FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 438 consists of ten chapters and three appendixes.After a brief introduction to the background of the document, the Guide starts in chapter 2 by explaining to the reader how it should be used. In chapter 3, it discusses how to prepare for a study of fishery subsidies. Then, before getting into more detailed advice on the study itself, a discussion follows on “what is a fisheries subsidy?” and “what are the various categories of subsidies?” in chapters 4 and 5. This part of the document is directed at those who are not familiar with the issues surrounding subsidies in fisheries. Chapter 6 is the core of the Guide. Here the reader is exposed to the use of different assessment methods. The emphasis is on how to determine the government cost – or revenue – and the value to the industry of a subsidy. The value of a subsidy to the industry is reflected in costs and earnings it causes. Chapter 7 discusses the measurement of these factors in further detail. The fo llowing chapter deals with the relative importance of fishery subsidies and gives ideas with regard to how comparative analyses can be carried out. The final two chapters discuss reporting and also give a summary of the Guide. Appendixes I and II present respectively a Glossary and a review of other subsidy classifications. Appendix III lists additional examples of possible subsidies under different categories.
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Book (series)FlagshipThe State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023
Urbanization, agrifood systems transformation and healthy diets across the rural–urban continuum
2023This report provides an update on global progress towards the targets of ending hunger (SDG Target 2.1) and all forms of malnutrition (SDG Target 2.2) and estimates on the number of people who are unable to afford a healthy diet. Since its 2017 edition, this report has repeatedly highlighted that the intensification and interaction of conflict, climate extremes and economic slowdowns and downturns, combined with highly unaffordable nutritious foods and growing inequality, are pushing us off track to meet the SDG 2 targets. However, other important megatrends must also be factored into the analysis to fully understand the challenges and opportunities for meeting the SDG 2 targets. One such megatrend, and the focus of this year’s report, is urbanization. New evidence shows that food purchases in some countries are no longer high only among urban households but also among rural households. Consumption of highly processed foods is also increasing in peri-urban and rural areas of some countries. These changes are affecting people’s food security and nutrition in ways that differ depending on where they live across the rural–urban continuum. This timely and relevant theme is aligned with the United Nations General Assembly-endorsed New Urban Agenda, and the report provides recommendations on the policies, investments and actions needed to address the challenges of agrifood systems transformation under urbanization and to enable opportunities for ensuring access to affordable healthy diets for everyone. -
Book (stand-alone)Manual / guideProcessing of fresh-cut tropical fruits and vegetables: A technical guide 2010
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No results found.There has been a marked upward trend in production and consumption of fruits and vegetables in Asia and the Pacific in recent years. Along with rising consumer demand has come greater awareness of food safety issues and increased need for convenience and quality. Selection of high quality horticultural produce for processing and implementation of good practices during processing operations are required to assure both the quality of the produce and the safety of the final product. This technical guide reviews, from a theoretical and practical perspective, the critical issues that must be addressed for fresh-cut produce to meet consumer demand for convenience, quality and safety. A case study on fresh-cut processing in Thailand is included. The guide should be of practical value to small processors, trainers and extension workers who provide support to individuals engaged in production of fresh-cut tropical produce for sale. -
Book (stand-alone)Flagship2015–16年农产品市场状况
贸易与粮食安全：更好地平衡国家重点与集体利益
2015全球农产品和粮食产品贸易已在最近几十年取得快速增长，各国作为出口或进口方越来越多地参与这一贸易进程。这种趋势预计将在今后几十年中持续。因此，贸易将在全球各区域对粮食安全的程度和性质产生越来越重要的影响。我们面临的挑战就是确保农产品贸易的扩大能对消除饥饿、粮食不安全和营养不良起到促进作用，而不是阻碍作用。 本版《农产品市场状况》旨在缓解目前各方在农产品贸易对粮食安全产生的影响以及如何管理农产品贸易以确保贸易开放度的增加能惠及所有国家等问题上出现的观点两极分化现象。本书通过就一系列话题举证和说明，努力促成各方就政策选择开展有实证依据的辩论，并在政策选择过程中努力实现必要的改进。