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Cowbells

SWM Community Conservancy Project, KAZA sites (Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe)









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    Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet
    Watchtower
    SWM Community Conservancy Project, KAZA sites (Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe)
    2025
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    A watchtower is an elevated structure that provides a vantage point for monitoring wildlife movements and guarding crops or property. By offering an unobstructed view, it enables early detection of approaching animals, allowing for timely deterrent actions to prevent human–wildlife conflicts.
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    Chilli string
    SWM Community Conservancy Project, KAZA sites (Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe)
    2025
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    This factsheet explains the use and purpose of a chilli string as a human-wildlife conflict mitigation measure. It is a simple string or rope soaked in chilli oil, stretched across paths commonly used by elephants to deter them through irritation of their sensitive trunks.
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    Chilli bricks
    SWM Community Conservancy Project, KAZA sites (Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe)
    2025
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    Chilli bricks are combustible blocks composed of dried chilli peppers, elephant or buffalo dung, and water. When ignited, they emit a pungent smoke that repels elephants, thereby protecting crops and property from potential damage.

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