Thumbnail Image

Reducing food loss and waste in the processing, distribution and retail operations of micro, small and medium-sized food processing enterprises

A technical manual









  • identifying food loss hotspots and their underlying causes in the processing and distribution operations of MSMEs;
  • measuring the levels of loss at each hotspot;
  • introducing simple innovations that are technically, economically, and socially appropriate, as well as good practices to reduce food loss at each hotspot; and
  • measuring food waste in retail and identifying actions that can measurably reduce the levels of food waste in retail.



Rolle, R.S., Tangsuphoom, N., Gowachirapant, S. & Albia, C. 2025. Reducing food loss and waste in the processing, distribution and retail operations of micro, small and medium-sized food processing enterprises – A technical manual. Rome, FAO.




Also available in:

Related items

Showing items related by metadata.

  • Thumbnail Image
    Book (stand-alone)
    Good packaging practices for micro, small and medium-sized food processing enterprises in the Caribbean Community and Common Market 2024
    Also available in:
    No results found.

    Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) continue to serve as a major source of employment and income generation in the agriculture and tourism sectors in countries of the Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM). Most MSMEs are small businesses run by families or by a few individuals. While this helps to keep labour and overhead costs to a minimum, it creates a suboptimum economy of scale. Competition is also increased because of the large number of small operations and challenges that hinder penetration of the export market, especially with the increasing complexities of international standards demanded by developed countries. Additionally, rising standards of living in many CARICOM countries have increased demand from domestic consumers for higher quality food and assurances of food safety. This creates the need for urgent measures that will help MSMEs in CARICOM to become more efficient in crop production, supply chain management, food processing and packaging techniques and to gain a better understanding of the changing nature of the domestic, regional and international markets.This technical manual focuses on food packaging and seeks to highlight its critical role in reducing food loss and waste. Users of this manual will also be exposed to packaging techniques that help improve the marketability of agricultural commodities produced and processed in the region. This potential has been fostered by an increasing middle-class population, a vibrant market for tourism, a diversity of cultures and, thanks to an increasing diaspora, increasing markets in importing countries.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet
    Capacity-building to reduce avoidable food waste in micro, small and medium food processing enterprises and in retail 2019
    Also available in:
    No results found.

    Food loss and waste represent an enormous economic cost to businesses and society and significantly impacts the environment. Much of this waste and its environmental footprint can be avoided entirely. Food that ends up in a landfill creates methane gas, which is 25 times more damaging to the environment than carbon dioxide. Moreover, food waste is responsible for over 7 percent of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, meaning it is a part of the challenge in tackling climate change. The brochure provides and overview of a project which addresses the reduction of food loss and waste in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and food retail outlets. This project is being implemented with the Royal Thai Government in support of MSMEs in the Kingdom of Thailand.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Brochure, flyer, fact-sheet
    Micro-, small and medium-sized enterprises increase supply of nutritious food in local markets
    Success stories from Kenya and Malawi
    2025
    Also available in:
    No results found.

    Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are key players in local food supply chains, handling about 65% of the food consumed in regions like Africa and South Asia. Therefore, they are a key entry point to promote and increase the local availability of nutritious food and improve the food environment, while being a source for income and employment, and instrumental for the economic inclusion and self-reliance of women and youth.The success stories presented in this publication showcase MSMEs in Kenya and Malawi increasing their production of nutritious food and suppling these to the local markets as the result of a specifically designed mentoring and coaching program. The program promoted their knowledge and skills in production, food safety, conservation and proper handling, diversification of products, and marketing of nutritious food, complemented by general business and financial management skills and reinforced by the investment in basic equipment. The success stories show that MSMEs enhanced their capacities to introduce and sustain strategic improvements that increase their supply of nutritious food; that unmet local demand for nutritious and diverse food bears opportunities for MSMEs; that the mentoring and coaching program, by identifying individualized business solutions, is applicable to all food products and stages of the food supply chains, and that these activities are therefore adaptable to the food system priorities of each territory.

Users also downloaded

Showing related downloaded files

No results found.