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ArticleSpatial distribution model of phragmanthera plant parasite in Rift Valley Ecoregion of Kenya
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.About 80% of Kenya’s land area has been classified as Arid and Semi-Arid, ASALs and experiences high temperatures and low erratic rainfall throughout the year. In the search for suitable tree species for agroforestry and landscape restoration in Kenyan ASALs two Meliaceae tree species, indigenous Melia volkensii (Geurke) and exotic Azadirachta indica (A. Juss.) were selected for further research. In Kenya, Botryosphaeriaceae has been reported on Grevillea robusta on-farm causing damage to the tree and in severe cases leads to mortality. Molecular identification of cultures used in the study based on rDNA of the ITS and Tef1-alpha gene regions for 86 isolates classified into 6 species of the Botryosphaeriaceae. 3 of the Botryosphaeriaceae species belonged to the genus Lasiodiplodia namely L. pseudotheobromae, L. theobromae and L. parva. This is the first report of species Spencermartinsia viticola and Macrophoma theicola in Kenya. Pathogenicity tests done under glasshouse conditions showed that the L. pseudotheobromae species was most virulent to both M. volkensii & A. indica while L. theobromae was least virulent to both tree species. Wilting & necrosis was recorded within 7 days of inoculation but wound healing occurred on both species after 12 weeks. This study gives insight into disease resistance and tolerance of these dryland species for plantation establishment. It also revealed wider host diversity for Botryosphaeriaceae in the drylands. Further research into the species disease resistance mechanisms and proper silvicultural treatments are a prerequisite for large scale planting of the two tree species in light of climate variation and ecosystem changes. The recommendations given in the study are being taken into account for commercial forestry ventures in the drylands and advisory services being provided for diseases control and management. Key words: Pathogenicity test, Phylogenetic analyses, Lesion measurement ID: 3623720 -
DocumentSpatial distributions pattern and associations of dead woods in natural spruce-fir secondary forests
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Natural secondary forest is the main part of forest resources in China. Studying dead woods (DW) could better reveal the community succession rule and promote the healthy development of them. We investigated basic characteristics and coordinates of each tree (DBH≥1 cm) within a plot (100 m×100 m) using the adjacent grid method and studied the spatial distributions pattern and associations of DW (in the last five years) in a typical natural spruce-fir secondary forest in Jingouling Forest Farm, Wangqing Forestry Bureau, Jilin Province, China. The results showed that the diameter class distribution of DW showed the pattern of left-single-peak curve, while the logs showed the pattern of multi-peak curve. DW number was related to the mixing degree of one species, but not to the total number of it. The distribution of DW was concentrated at 0~8m scale. As the scale increases, it changed to random or uniform. The aggregation distribution of DW of medium (10 cm≤DBH<20 cm) and small (1 cm≤DBH<10 cm) DBH at small scale below 8 m was the main reason for the aggregation distribution of DW. The DW of large (DBH≧20 cm) DBH and Saplings (1 cm≤DBH<5 cm) showed a significant positive association at 2~25 m scale. There was no significant spatial association between DW and Small trees(5 cm≤DBH<15 cm). At 0~3m scale, there was a positive association between Medium trees (15 cm≤DBH<25 cm) and DW of small and medium DBH. At the 9 m, 11~14 m scale and the 15 m, 42~45 m scale, the DW of small and medium DBH were significantly negatively associated with Large trees (DBH≥25 cm). In conclusion, the biological traits, diameter class distribution and spatial distribution affected the abundance and diameter class distribution of DW of one species. The spatial distributions of DW and the associations between DW and standing trees varied across diameter classes and scales. Rational utilization of spatial information could optimize stand structure and promote positive community succession. Keywords: Deforestation and forest degradation, Sustainable forest management, Adaptive and integrated management ID: 3618474 -
ArticlePrediction of distribution changes of carpinus laxiflora and C. tschonoskii based on climate change scenarios using MaxEnt model in the Republic of Korea
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Hornbeams (Carpinus spp.), which are widely distributed in South Korea, are recognized as one of the most abundant species at climax stage in the temperate forests. Although the distribution and vegetation structure of the C. laxiflora community have been reported, little ecological information of C. tschonoskii is available. Little effort was made to examine the distribution shift of these species under the future climate conditions. This study was conducted to predict potential shifts in the distribution of C. laxiflora and C. tschonoskii in 2050s and 2090s under the two sets of climate change scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The MaxEnt model was used to predict the spatial distribution of two species using the occurrence data derived from the 6th National Forest Inventory data as well as climate and topography data. It was found that the main factors for the distribution of C. laxiflora were elevation, temperature seasonality, and mean annual precipitation. The distribution of C. tschonoskii, was influenced by temperature seasonality, mean annual precipitation, and mean diurnal rang. It was projected that the total habitat area of the C. laxiflora could increase by 1.05% and 1.11% under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively. It was also predicted that the distributional area of C. tschonoskii could expand under the future climate conditions. These results highlighted that the climate change would have considerable impact on the spatial distribution of C. laxiflora and C. tschonoskii. These also suggested that ecological information derived from climate change impact assessment study can be used to develop proper forest management practices in response to climate change. Keywords: Carpinus laxiflora, C. tschonoskii, Climate change, Distribution change, MaxEnt ID:3619140
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