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Tropical deforestation literature: Geographical and Historical Patterns in the Availability of Information and the Analysis of Causes







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    Global spatio-temporal patterns in tropical tuna purse seine fisheries on drifting fish aggregating devices (DFADs): Taking a historical perspective to inform current challenges 2013
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    This study provides a historical overview of the use of drifting fish aggregating devices (DFADs) in purse seine fisheries since the early 1990s, using global tu fisheries datasets from the four tu Regiol Fisheries Magement Organizations (RFMOs). Tropical tu purse seine fisheries typically target large yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye (Thunnus obesus) tus on free-swimming schools and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) and juveniles of yellowfin and bigeye associated with drifting objects. DFA Ds have ebled global skipjack catches to markedly increase, and have also introduced major scientific issues for all tu-RFMOs. In particular, they have strongly modified the fishing strategies of purse seiners that fish on a combition of free-swimming and DFAD-associated schools. Consequently, the cumulated search time traditiolly used to quantify nomil fishing effort to assess the status of tu stocks is inconsistent and cannot be used to derive time series of abundance indices from catch-per-un it of-effort (CPUE). In addition, the lack of information available on the construction, deployment, and use of DFADs has prevented effective monitoring of the fishing pressure over the last two decades exerted by purse seine fleets using this fishing mode. Juveniles of tropical tus represent a substantial proportion of purse seine catch on DFADs in the three oceans, which has raised particular concern for some bigeye stocks that have been subject to overfishing in the past. Catches of juvenile tus by DFAD fishing may also result in a decrease in recruitment for fisheries that target adult tus such as longliners. In addition, some demographic parameters of tus and other species associated with DFADs may be affected by the resultant habitat modification arising from the widespread deployment of DFADs. Evidence in the literature and provided by the ratio-estimator method suggest that fishing DFAD-associated schools may result in about 100 000 t of bycatch and discards annually. In additi on, there is further potential for ghost fishing related mortality of sensitive species such as marine turtles and pelagic sharks. In this context and following a precautiory approach, we filly discuss the increasing need for all tu-RFMOs to reduce, or at least monitor and control, the use of DFADs to mitigate their adverse effects not only on yellowfin and bigeye stocks but also on open-ocean ecosystems.
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    Reduced Impact Logging in Tropical Forests: Literature synthesis, analysis and prototype statistical framework 2001
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    There has been an increasing interest in reduced impact logging (RIL), particularly in tropical forests over the last decade. A number of developments have led to the concept of RIL: a political focus on sustainable development at the highest levels, a general consensus about the necessity to manage forests more sustainably, and a recognition that better technology is now available to monitor harvesting practices and forest conditions. There is a general desire to reduce negative environmental i mpacts all the way down to the operational level. It is also generally recognized that many conventional logging systems will not continue to produce sustainable yields of the same volume and/or quality of timber, particularly in non-coniferous tropical forests (NCTF). For these reasons governments are now imposing stricter regulations on forest harvesting and wood markets, and demanding more responsible harvesting practices. The demand for certified wood product has continued to grow. Given the political and market demand for change, there is a commensurate desire to further articulate the nature of RIL.
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    Remote sensing for space-time mapping of smog in Punjab and identification of the underlying causes using geographic information system (R-SMOG) 2020
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    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Pakistan initiated the Technical Cooperation Programme on Remote Sensing for Spatio-Temporal mapping of Smog (R-SMOG)   upon the request of the Government of Punjab. The R-SMOG evaluates the relationship between Smog and the rice residue burning practices by farmers in the Rice belt of Punjab. It is a comprehensive geospatial research which integrates Spatio-temporal mapping of smog viz-a-viz climatological modelling, study of seasonal trends and dynamics and estimates an inventory of sectoral emissions. The findings of the R-SMOG will assist to generate scientific evidences to study the causes of Smog in Punjab and to adopt adequate mitigation and adaptation strategies.

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