By Tran Thi Dan, Thai Anh Hoa, Le Quang Hung, Bui Minh Tri, Ho Thi Kim Hoa, Le Thanh Hien and Nguyen Ngoc Tri - 2004, 111 pp

Summary: The urbanization and increase of animal-product demands have accompanied with the specification and intensification in animal production, also with the disintegration between crop and animals. This trend has resulted in environment pollution in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) and the surrounding provinces including Binh Duong, Dong Nai (North and North East of the city, respectively) and Long An of Mekong Delta. Biogas has been popular to small scale farms of 5-100 pigs. Every city/province has had program to support the poor farmers, on a limited scale, in installation of biogas. However, the biogas is not suitable for farms raising less than 5 pigs or farms having no land for crop. In addition, most of intensive farms, especially the swine farms, were built in the decade of 60 without treatment system of waste. The waste is therefore drained to vegetable field or stream, that has had BOD of 300-530 mg/l and an unaccepted number of E. coli as well as parasite egg. The environmental and technical problems of intensive swine farms have been solved by provincial master plane of relocation.

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Table of contents

1 Introduction

2 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

3 PROJECT AREAS
3.1 Human population
3.2 Livestock production
3.3 Crop production

4 CURRENT INSTITUTIONAL EFFORTS TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT,
ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEALTH
4.1 National-level regulations relating to environment issue in Vietnam
4.2 Provincial regulation affecting industry
4.3 Some policy on foreign investment versus domestic investment
4.4 Current relocation projects of the government

5 METHODOLOGY TO SUPPORT ANALYSIS IN THE PROJECT
5.1 Technical solutions for animal waste use
5.2 Food safety and environment impact of these solutions
5.3 Manure application in crop experiments and assessment of nutrient flow
5.4 Spatial analysis
5.5 Economic/policy analysis
5.6 Proposed strategies

6 FINDINGS

6.1 FARM SURVEY OF CURRENT MANURE USE
6.1.1 General description of current waste management by species
6.1.2 Treatment of solid wastes
6.1.3 Current animal waste usage
6.1.4 Current markets of manure and ways of delivery
6.1.5 Analysis of the cost-benefit of different manure management solution

6.2 FINDINGS FROM ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS
6.2.1 Environment analysis
6.2.2 Risk of pathogens transfered from manure recycling to food chain
6.2.3 Recommendations for manure management options based on findings
from environment assessment

6.3 RESULTS FROM CROP EXPERIMENT
6.3.1 Results and problems of using manure for rice
6.3.2 Results and problems of using manure for peanut
6.3.3 Results and problems of using manure for leafy vegetable
6.3.4 Results and problems of using manure for rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)
6.3.5 Results and problems of using manure for longan
6.3.6 Manure treatments and changes of soil phosphate content
6.3.7 Lessons from the first stage of the project and
recommendations for the next

6.4 FINDINGS FROM SPATIAL ANALYSIS
6.4.1 Discharge of manure from main livestock
6.4.2 Nutrient balance with mineral fertilizers
6.4.3 Potential areas for new farm relocation

7 RECOMMENDATIONS OF PROPOSED ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS

8 CONCLUSION

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