Useful comments and suggestions by Thomas Enters and Jim Carle of earlier drafts are gratefully acknowledged. Material for this booklet is also drawn from views expressed by participants at a workshop to discuss the history of alternative forms of reforestation and future approaches in this field. Thanks also to Sharon Brown, Tint Lwin Thaung and APAFRI staff in this respect. Last but not least, special mention and appreciation must be made on David Lamb's invaluable work in compiling and researching data for this publication.