S

SACCHARIN

Saccharin	INS: 954
Saccharin (and Sodium, Potassium, Calcium Salts)	INS: 954

Function: Flavour Enhancer, Sweetener

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
01.1.2	Dairy-based drinks, flavoured and/or fermented (e.g., chocolate milk, cocoa, eggnog, drinking yoghurt, whey-based drinks)	400 mg/kg		6
01.2.1	Fermented milks (plain)	200 mg/kg		6
01.2.2	Renneted milk	GMP		6
01.6.1	Unripened cheese	100 mg/kg		6
01.7	Dairy-based desserts (e.g., ice cream, ice milk, pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt)	200 mg/kg		6
02.4	Fat-based desserts excluding dairy-based dessert products of food category 01.7	100 mg/kg		6
03.0	Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet	300 mg/kg		6
04.1.2.3	Fruit in vinegar, oil, or brine	160 mg/kg		6
04.1.2.4	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit	200 mg/kg		6
04.1.2.5	Jams, jellies and marmelades	200 mg/kg		6
04.1.2.6	Fruit-based spreads (e.g., chutney) excluding products of food category 04.1.2.5	200 mg/kg		6
04.1.2.7	Candied fruit	500 mg/kg		6
04.1.2.8	Fruit preparations, including pulp, purees, fruit toppings and coconut milk	200 mg/kg		6
04.1.2.9	Fruit-based desserts, including fruit-flavoured water-based desserts	100 mg/kg		6
04.2.2.1	Frozen vegetables	500 mg/kg		6
04.2.2.2	Dried vegetables, seaweeds, and nuts and seeds	500 mg/kg		6
04.2.2.3	Vegetables and seaweeds in vinegar, oil, brine, or soy sauce	2000 mg/kg		6
04.2.2.4	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) or retort pouch vegetables	500 mg/kg		6
04.2.2.5	Vegetable, and nut and seed purees and spreads (e.g., peanut butter)	500 mg/kg		6
04.2.2.6	Vegetable, and nut and seed pulps and preparations (e.g., vegetable desserts and sauces, candied vegetables, soybean curd) other than food category 04.2.2.5	500 mg/kg		6
04.2.2.7	Fermented vegetable products	500 mg/kg		6
04.2.2.8	Cooked or fried vegetables and seaweeds	500 mg/kg		6
05.1	Cocoa products and chocolate products including imitations and chocolate substitutes	500 mg/kg		6
05.2	Confectionery including hard and soft candy, nougat, etc. other than food categories 05.1, 05.3 and 05.4	3000 mg/kg		6
05.3	Chewing gum	3000 mg/kg		6
05.4	Decorations (e.g., for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit) and sweet sauces	500 mg/kg		6
06.3	Breakfast cereals, including rolled oats	100 mg/kg		6
06.5	Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g., rice pudding, tapioca pudding)	100 mg/kg		6
07.1.3	Other ordinary bakery products (e.g., bagels, pita, English muffins)	15 mg/kg		6
07.2	Fine bakery wares	2000 mg/kg		6
08.2.1.1	Cured (including salted) non-heat treated processed meat, poultry, and game products in whole pieces or cuts	2000 mg/kg		6
08.2.2	Heat-treated processed meat, poultry, and game products in whole pieces or cuts	500 mg/kg		6
08.3.2	Heat-treated processed comminuted meat, poultry, and game products	500 mg/kg		6
09.2.4.1	Cooked fish and fish products	500 mg/kg		6
09.3.1	Fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms, marinated and/or in jelly	160 mg/kg		6
09.3.2	Fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms, pickled and/or in brine	2000 mg/kg		6
09.3.3	Salmon substitutes, caviar, and other fish roe products	160 mg/kg		6
09.3.4	Semi-preserved fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms (e.g., fish paste), excluding products of food categories 09.3.1 - 09.3.3	1200 mg/kg		6
10.4	Egg-based desserts (e.g., custard)	100 mg/kg		6
11.2	Other sugars and syrups (e.g., brown sugar, maple syrup)	300 mg/kg		6
11.4	Table-top sweeteners, including those containing high-intensity sweeteners	4545 mg/kg		6
12.3	Vinegars	300 mg/kg		6
12.4	Mustards	320 mg/kg		6
12.5	Soups and broths	110 mg/kg		6
12.6.1	Emulsified sauces (e.g., mayonnaise, salad dressing)	500 mg/kg		6
12.6.2	Non-emulsified sauces (e.g., ketchup, cheese sauce, cream sauce, brown gravy)	160 mg/kg		6
12.6.3	Mixes for sauces and gravies	300 mg/kg		6
12.6.4	Clear sauces (e.g., soy sauce, fish sauce)	500 mg/kg		6
12.7	Salads (e.g., macaroni salad, potato salad) and sandwich spreads excluding cocoa- and nut-based spreads of food categories 04.2.2.5 and 05.1.2	200 mg/kg		6
13.3	Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes, including those for infants and young children	300 mg/kg		6
13.4	Dietetic formulae for slimming purposes and weight reduction	300 mg/kg		6
13.5	Dietetic foods (e.g., supplementary foods for dietary use) excluding products of food categories 13.1 - 13.4	500 mg/kg		6
13.6	Food supplements	1200 mg/kg		6
14.1.2.3	Concentrate (liquid or solid) for fruit juice	300 mg/kg		6
14.1.2.4	Concentrate (liquid or solid) for vegetable juice	300 mg/kg		6
14.1.3.3	Concentrate (liquid or solid) for fruit nectar	300 mg/kg		6
14.1.3.4	Concentrate (liquid or solid) for vegetable nectar	300 mg/kg		6
14.1.4.1	Carbonated drinks	500 mg/kg		6
14.1.4.2	Non-carbonated, including punches and ades	500 mg/kg		6
14.1.4.3	Concentrates (liquid or solid) for drinks	2000 mg/kg		6
14.1.5	Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa	200 mg/kg		6
14.2.1	Beer and malt beverages	80 mg/kg		6
14.2.2	Cider and perry	80 mg/kg		6
14.2.3	Wines	80 mg/kg		6
14.2.6.2	Spirituous beverages containing less than 15% alcohol	80 mg/kg		6
15.0	Ready-to-eat savouries	100 mg/kg		6
16.0	Composite foods (e.g., casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01 - 15	200 mg/kg		6

SALTS OF MYRISTIC, PALMITIC & STEARIC ACIDS (NH4, Ca, K, Na)

SALTS OF MYRISTIC, PALMITIC & STEARIC ACIDS (NH4, Ca, K, Na)

INS: 470

Function: Anticaking Agent, Emulsifier, Stabilizer

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
01.1.1.2	Buttermilk (plain)	GMP		6
01.2.1.2	Fermented milks (plain), heat-treated after fermentation	GMP		6
01.2.2	Renneted milk	GMP		6
02.2.1.1	Butter and concentrated butter	GMP	Note 52	6
04.1.1.2	Surface-treated fresh fruit	GMP	Notes 16 & 71	6
04.2.1.2	Surface-treated fresh vegetables, and nuts and seeds	GMP	Notes 16 & 71	6
04.2.2.1	Frozen vegetables	GMP		6
06.4.2	Pre-cooked or dried pastas and noodles and like products	GMP	Note 54	6
08.1.1	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts	GMP	Notes 16 & 71	6
08.1.2	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, comminuted	GMP	Note 71	6
09.1	Fresh fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP	Notes 16 & 71	6
09.2.1	Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP	Note 71	6
09.2.2	Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP	Notes 16 & 71	6
09.2.3	Frozen minced and creamed fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP	Notes 16 & 71	6
09.2.4	Cooked and/or fried fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP		6
09.2.5	Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP		6
10.2.1	Liquid egg products	GMP		6
10.2.2	Frozen egg products	GMP		6
11.2	Other sugars and syrups (e.g., brown sugar, maple syrup)	GMP	Note 71	6
12.1	Salt	GMP		6
12.2	Herbs, spices, seasonings (including salt substitutes), and condiments (e.g., seasoning for instant noodles)	GMP	Note 51	6
12.8	Yeast and like products	GMP		6
14.1.5	Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa	GMP		6
14.2.3.4	Aromatized wine	GMP	Note 71	6

SALTS OF OLEIC ACID (Ca, K, Na)

SALTS OF OLEIC ACID (Ca, K, Na)

INS: 470

Function: Anticaking Agent, Emulsifier, Stabilizer

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
01.1.1.2	Buttermilk (plain)	GMP		6
01.2.1.2	Fermented milks (plain), heat-treated after fermentation	GMP		6
01.2.2	Renneted milk	GMP		6
04.1.1.2	Surface-treated fresh fruit	GMP	Note 16	6
04.2.1.2	Surface-treated fresh vegetables, and nuts and seeds	GMP	Note 16	6
08.1.1	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts	GMP	Note 16	6
08.1.2	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, comminuted	GMP		6
09.1	Fresh fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP	Note 16	6
09.2.1	Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP		6
09.2.2	Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP	Note 16	6
09.2.3	Frozen minced and creamed fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP	Note 16	6
09.2.4	Cooked and/or fried fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP		6
09.2.5	Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP		6
11.2	Other sugars and syrups (e.g., brown sugar, maple syrup)	GMP		6
12.2	Herbs, spices, seasonings (including salt substitutes), and condiments (e.g., seasoning for instant noodles)	GMP	Note 51	6
14.1.5	Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa	GMP		6
14.2.3.4	Aromatized wine	GMP		6

SHELLAC

Shellac

INS: 904

Function: Bulking Agent, Glazing Agent, Release Agent

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
04.1.1.2	Surface-treated fresh fruit	GMP		6
04.2.1.2	Surface-treated fresh vegetables, and nuts and seeds	GMP	Note 79	6
05.3	Chewing gum	20000 mg/kg	Note 3	6

SILICON DIOXIDE (AMORPHOUS)

Silicon Dioxide (Amorphous)

INS: 551

Function: Anticaking Agent, Filler

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
11.2	Other sugars and syrups (e.g., brown sugar, maple syrup)	15000 mg/kg	Note 56	6
12.1	Salt	20000 mg/kg		6
12.2	Herbs, spices, seasonings (including salt substitutes), and condiments (e.g., seasoning for instant noodles)	10000 mg/kg	Note 51	6
13.1	Infant formulae and follow-on formulae	10000 mg/kg	Note 65	6
13.2	Weaning foods for infants and growing children	10000 mg/kg	Note 65	6
14.2.3	Wines	17 mg/kg		6

SODIUM ACETATE

Sodium Acetate

INS: 262i

Function: Acidity Regulator, Preservative, Sequestrant

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
02.1	Fats and oils essentially free from water	5000 mg/kg		6
04.2.1	Fresh vegetables, and nuts and seeds	GMP		6
06.4.2	Pre-cooked or dried pastas and noodles and like products	6000 mg/kg	Note 54	6
08.1.1	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts	GMP		6
10.2.1	Liquid egg products	GMP		6
10.2.2	Frozen egg products	GMP		6
13.2	Weaning foods for infants and growing children	GMP		6

SODIUM ALGINATE

Sodium Alginate

INS: 401

Function: Bulking Agent, Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Thickener

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
01.1.1.2	Buttermilk (plain)	6000 mg/kg		6
01.2.1.2	Fermented milks (plain), heat-treated after fermentation	5000 mg/kg		6
01.4.1	Pasteurized cream	100 mg/kg		6
01.4.2	Sterilized, UHT, whipping or whipped, and reduced fat creams	5000 mg/kg		6
02.2.1.1	Butter and concentrated butter	GMP	Note 52	6
08.1.1	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts	15000 mg/kg		6
08.1.2	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, comminuted	8000 mg/kg		6
09.2.1	Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	5000 mg/kg		6
09.2.2	Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP		6
11.2	Other sugars and syrups (e.g., brown sugar, maple syrup)	10000 mg/kg		6
13.1	Infant formulae and follow-on formulae	300 mg/kg		6
13.2	Weaning foods for infants and growing children	5000 mg/kg		6
14.1.2.1	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit juice	20000 mg/kg		6

SODIUM ALUMINIUM PHOSPHATES

Sodium Aluminium Phosphate-Acidic	INS: 541i
Sodium Aluminium Phosphate-Basic	INS: 541ii

Function: Acidity Regulator, Emulsifier, Raising Agent, Stabilizer, Thickener

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
01.6.4	Processed cheese	35000 mg/kg	Note 29	6
01.7	Dairy-based desserts (e.g., ice cream, ice milk, pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt)	2000 mg/kg	Note 6	6
02.4	Fat-based desserts excluding dairy-based dessert products of food category 01.7	2000 mg/kg	Note 6	6
04.1.2.9	Fruit-based desserts, including fruit-flavoured water-based desserts	2000 mg/kg	Note 6	6
05.1.1	Cocoa mixes (powders and syrups)	2000 mg/kg	Notes 6 & 72	6
05.2	Confectionery including hard and soft candy, nougat, etc. other than food categories 05.1, 05.3 and 05.4	GMP	Note 6	6
06.2	Flours and starches	45000 mg/kg	Note 29	6
06.5	Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g., rice pudding, tapioca pudding)	2000 mg/kg	Note 6	6
06.6	Batters (e.g., for breading ro batters for fish or poultry)	1600 mg/kg	Note 6	6
07.1	Bread and ordinary bakery wares	2000 mg/kg	Note 6	6
07.2.1	Cakes, cookies and pies (e.g., fruit-filled or custard types)	2000 mg/kg	Note 6	6
07.2.2	Other fine bakery products (e.g., doughnuts, sweet rolls, scones, and muffins)	2000 mg/kg	Note 6	6
07.2.3	Mixes for fine bakery wares (e.g., cakes, pancakes)	15300 mg/kg	Note 29	6
09.2.2	Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	190 mg/kg	Notes 6 & 41	6
10.4	Egg-based desserts (e.g., custard)	2000 mg/kg	Note 6	6
14.1.4	Water-based flavoured drinks, including "sport" or "electrolyte" drinks and particulated drinks	2000 mg/kg	Note 6	6
16.0	Composite foods (e.g., casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01 - 15	190 mg/kg	Note 6	6

SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE

Sodium Aluminosilicate

INS: 554

Function: Anticaking Agent

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
06.1	Whole, broken, or flaked grain, including rice	GMP		6
11.2	Other sugars and syrups (e.g., brown sugar, maple syrup)	15000 mg/kg	Note 56	6
12.1	Salt	20000 mg/kg		6
12.2	Herbs, spices, seasonings (including salt substitutes), and condiments (e.g., seasoning for instant noodles)	10000 mg/kg	Note 51	6

SODIUM ASCORBATE

Sodium Ascorbate

INS: 301

Function: Antioxidant, Colour Retention Agent

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
02.1	Fats and oils essentially free from water	200 mg/kg		6
02.2.1.1	Butter and concentrated butter	GMP	Note 52	6
04.1.1	Fresh fruit	GMP		6
04.2.1.3	Peeled, cut or shredded vegetables, and nuts and seeds	GMP		6
04.2.2.1	Frozen vegetables	GMP		6
06.2	Flours and starches	300 mg/kg		6
08.1.1	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts	500 mg/kg		6
08.1.2	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, comminuted	GMP		6
09.1	Fresh fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	200 mg/kg		6
09.2.1	Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	1000 mg/kg	Note 70	6
09.2.2	Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP		6
09.2.4	Cooked and/or fried fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	200 mg/kg		6
12.8	Yeast and like products	200 mg/kg		6
13.1	Infant formulae and follow-on formulae	50 mg/kg		6
13.2	Weaning foods for infants and growing children	3000 mg/kg		6
14.1.2.1	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit juice	200 mg/kg		6
14.1.2.3	Concentrate (liquid or solid) for fruit juice	300 mg/kg		6
14.1.3.1	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit nectar	200 mg/kg		6
14.1.3.3	Concentrate (liquid or solid) for fruit nectar	300 mg/kg		6
14.2.3	Wines	200 mg/kg		6

SODIUM CARBONATE

Sodium Carbonate

INS: 500i

Function: Anticaking Agent, Acidity Regulator, Raising Agent, Stabilizer

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
01.4.1	Pasteurized cream	2000 mg/kg		6
01.4.2	Sterilized, UHT, whipping or whipped, and reduced fat creams	2000 mg/kg		6
02.1.3	Lard, tallow, fish oil, and other animal fats	GMP		6
02.2.1.1	Butter and concentrated butter	2000 mg/kg	Note 52	6
06.4.2	Pre-cooked or dried pastas and noodles and like products	2600 mg/kg	Note 54	6
08.1.1	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts	GMP		6
09.2.2	Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP	Note 41	6
13.1	Infant formulae and follow-on formulae	GMP		6
13.2	Weaning foods for infants and growing children	GMP		6
14.1.5	Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa	GMP		6

SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE

Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose

INS: 466

Function: Bulking Agent, Emulsifier, Stabilizer, Thickener

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
01.1.1.2	Buttermilk (plain)	2000 mg/kg		6
01.2.1.2	Fermented milks (plain), heat-treated after fermentation	5000 mg/kg		6
01.2.2	Renneted milk	GMP		6
01.4.1	Pasteurized cream	5000 mg/kg		6
01.4.2	Sterilized, UHT, whipping or whipped, and reduced fat creams	5000 mg/kg		6
02.2.1.1	Butter and concentrated butter	2000 mg/kg	Note 52	6
04.1.1.2	Surface-treated fresh fruit	GMP	Note 16	6
04.2.1.2	Surface-treated fresh vegetables, and nuts and seeds	GMP	Note 16	6
08.1.1	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts	15000 mg/kg		6
08.1.2	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, comminuted	GMP		6
09.1	Fresh fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP	Note 16	6
09.2.1	Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	5000 mg/kg	Note 61	6
09.2.2	Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP	Note 41	6
09.2.3	Frozen minced and creamed fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP	Note 16	6
09.2.4	Cooked and/or fried fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP		6
09.2.5	Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP		6
11.2	Other sugars and syrups (e.g., brown sugar, maple syrup)	5000 mg/kg		6
12.2	Herbs, spices, seasonings (including salt substitutes), and condiments (e.g., seasoning for instant noodles)	GMP	Note 51	6
14.1.2.1	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit juice	5000 mg/kg		6
14.1.3.1	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit nectar	5000 mg/kg		6
14.1.5	Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa	GMP		6
14.2.3	Wines	5000 mg/kg		6

SODIUM DIACETATE

Sodium Diacetate

INS: 262ii

Function: Acidity Regulator, Preservative, Sequestrant

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
02.1	Fats and oils essentially free from water	1000 mg/kg		6
04.1.2.3	Fruit in vinegar, oil, or brine	GMP		6
04.1.2.4	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit	GMP		6
04.2.2.3	Vegetables and seaweeds in vinegar, oil, brine, or soy sauce	GMP		6
04.2.2.4	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) or retort pouch vegetables	GMP		6
05.2	Confectionery including hard and soft candy, nougat, etc. other than food categories 05.1, 05.3 and 05.4	1000 mg/kg		6
06.4.2	Pre-cooked or dried pastas and noodles and like products	3000 mg/kg		6
07.0	Bakery wares	4000 mg/kg		6
08.2	Processed meat, poultry, and game products in whole pieces or cuts	1000 mg/kg		6
08.3	Processed comminuted meat, poultry, and game products	1000 mg/kg		6
09.2.4.1	Cooked fish and fish products	3000 mg/kg		6
10.2	Egg products	1000 mg/kg		6
10.3	Preserved eggs, including alkaline, salted, and canned eggs	1000 mg/kg		6
10.4	Egg-based desserts (e.g., custard)	2000 mg/kg		6
12.5	Soups and broths	500 mg/kg		6
12.6	Sauces and like products	2500 mg/kg		6
12.7	Salads (e.g., macaroni salad, potato salad) and sandwich spreads excluding cocoa- and nut-based spreads of food categories 04.2.2.5 and 05.1.2	3000 mg/kg		6
13.2	Weaning foods for infants and growing children	GMP		6
14.1.4	Water-based flavoured drinks, including "sport" or "electrolyte" drinks and particulated drinks	150 mg/kg		6
15.1	Snacks - potato, cereal, flour or starch based (from roots and tubers, pulses and legumes)	500 mg/kg		6
16.0	Composite foods (e.g., casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01 - 15	3000 mg/kg		6

SODIUM DIHYDROGEN CITRATE

Sodium Dihydrogen Citrate

INS: 331i

Function: Acidity Regulator, Antioxidant, Emulsifier, Sequestrant, Stabilizer

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
01.1.1.2	Buttermilk (plain)	GMP		6
01.2.1.2	Fermented milks (plain), heat-treated after fermentation	GMP		6
01.2.2	Renneted milk	GMP		6
01.4.1	Pasteurized cream	2000 mg/kg		6
01.4.2	Sterilized, UHT, whipping or whipped, and reduced fat creams	2000 mg/kg		6
02.1	Fats and oils essentially free from water	GMP		6
04.1.1.2	Surface-treated fresh fruit	GMP	Note 16	6
04.2.1	Fresh vegetables, and nuts and seeds	GMP		6
04.2.2.1	Frozen vegetables	GMP		6
08.1.1	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts	GMP	Note 16	6
08.1.2	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, comminuted	GMP		6
09.1	Fresh fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP		6
09.2.1	Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP		6
09.2.2	Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP	Note 16	6
09.2.3	Frozen minced and creamed fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP	Note 16	6
09.2.4	Cooked and/or fried fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP		6
09.2.5	Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP		6
10.2.1	Liquid egg products	GMP		6
10.2.2	Frozen egg products	GMP		6
11.2	Other sugars and syrups (e.g., brown sugar, maple syrup)	GMP		6
12.2	Herbs, spices, seasonings (including salt substitutes), and condiments (e.g., seasoning for instant noodles)	GMP	Note 51	6
13.2	Weaning foods for infants and growing children	GMP		6
14.1.5	Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa	GMP		6
14.2.3.4	Aromatized wine	GMP		6

SODIUM ERYTHORBATE

Sodium Isoascorbate

INS: 316

Function: Antioxidant, Colour Retention Agent

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
02.1	Fats and oils essentially free from water	100 mg/kg		6
02.2.1.1	Butter and concentrated butter	100 mg/kg	Note 52	6
04.1.1.3	Peeled or cut fresh fruit	GMP		6
04.2.1.3	Peeled, cut or shredded vegetables, and nuts and seeds	GMP		6
04.2.2.1	Frozen vegetables	GMP		6
09.1	Fresh fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP		6
09.2.1	Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	1500 mg/kg		6
14.1.2.1	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit juice	GMP		6
14.1.3.1	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit nectar	GMP		6
14.1.5	Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa	GMP		6
14.2.3	Wines	GMP		6

SODIUM HYDROGEN CARBONATE

Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate

INS: 500ii

Function: Acidity Regulator, Anticaking Agent, Raising Agent, Stabilizer

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
01.4.1	Pasteurized cream	2000 mg/kg		6
01.4.2	Sterilized, UHT, whipping or whipped, and reduced fat creams	2000 mg/kg		6
02.1.3	Lard, tallow, fish oil, and other animal fats	1000 mg/kg		6
02.2.1.1	Butter and concentrated butter	2000 mg/kg	Notes 34 & 52	6
06.2	Flours and starches	45000 mg/kg		6
08.1.1	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts	GMP		6
09.2.2	Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP	Note 41	6
13.1	Infant formulae and follow-on formulae	GMP		6
13.2	Weaning foods for infants and growing children	GMP		6
14.1.5	Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa	GMP		6

SODIUM HYDROXIDE

Sodium Hydroxide

INS: 524

Function: Acidity Regulator

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
02.1.3	Lard, tallow, fish oil, and other animal fats	GMP		6
02.2.1.1	Butter and concentrated butter	2000 mg/kg	Notes 34 & 52	6
06.2	Flours and starches	GMP		6
08.1.1	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts	GMP		6
13.1	Infant formulae and follow-on formulae	GMP		6
13.2	Weaning foods for infants and growing children	GMP		6

SODIUM LACTATE

Sodium Lactate

INS: 325

Function: Acidity Regulator, Antioxidant, Bulking Agent, Emulsifier, Humectant, Stabilizer, Thickener

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
01.1.1.2	Buttermilk (plain)	GMP		6
01.2.1.2	Fermented milks (plain), heat-treated after fermentation	GMP		6
01.4.1	Pasteurized cream	GMP		6
01.4.2	Sterilized, UHT, whipping or whipped, and reduced fat creams	GMP		6
04.2.1	Fresh vegetables, and nuts and seeds	GMP		6
08.1	Fresh meat, poultry, and game	20000 mg/kg		6
10.2.1	Liquid egg products	GMP		6
10.2.2	Frozen egg products	GMP		6
13.2	Weaning foods for infants and growing children	GMP		6

SODIUM SESQUICARBONATE

Sodium Sesquicarbonate

INS: 500iii

Function: Acidity Regulator, Anticaking Agent, Raising Agent

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
01.4.1	Pasteurized cream	GMP		6
01.4.2	Sterilized, UHT, whipping or whipped, and reduced fat creams	GMP		6
08.1.1	Fresh meat, poultry, and game, whole pieces or cuts	GMP		6
09.2.2	Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	GMP	Note 41	6

SORBATES

Sorbic Acid	INS: 200
Sodium Sorbate	INS: 201
Potassium Sorbate	INS: 202
Calcium Sorbate	INS: 203

Function: Antioxidant, Preservative, Stabilizer

Food Cat. No.	Food Category	Max Level	Comments	Step	Year
01.1.1	Milk and buttermilk	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
01.1.2	Dairy-based drinks, flavoured and/or fermented (e.g., chocolate milk, cocoa, eggnog, drinking yoghurt, whey-based drinks)	300 mg/kg	Note 42	6
01.2.1	Fermented milks (plain)	300 mg/kg	Note 42	6
01.2.2	Renneted milk	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
01.3.2	Beverage whiteners	200 mg/kg	Note 42	6
01.6	Cheese	3000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
01.7	Dairy-based desserts (e.g., ice cream, ice milk, pudding, fruit or flavoured yoghurt)	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
02.1.1	Butter oil, anhydrous milkfat, ghee	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
02.2.1	Emulsions containing at least 80% fat	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
02.2.2	Emulsions containing less than 80% fat (e.g., minarine)	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
02.3	Fat emulsions other than food category 02.2, including mixed and/or flavoured products based on fat emulsions	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
02.4	Fat-based desserts excluding dairy-based dessert products of food category 01.7	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
03.0	Edible ices, including sherbet and sorbet	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.1.1	Fresh fruit	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.1.2.1	Frozen fruit	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.1.2.2	Dried fruit	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.1.2.3	Fruit in vinegar, oil, or brine	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.1.2.4	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.1.2.5	Jams, jellies and marmelades	1500 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.1.2.6	Fruit-based spreads (e.g., chutney) excluding products of food category 04.1.2.5	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.1.2.7	Candied fruit	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.1.2.8	Fruit preparations, including pulp, purees, fruit toppings and coconut milk	1500 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.1.2.9	Fruit-based desserts, including fruit-flavoured water-based desserts	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.1.2.10	Fermented fruit products	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.1.2.11	Fruit fillings for pastries	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.1.2.12	Cooked or fried fruit	1200 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.2.2.3	Vegetables and seaweeds in vinegar, oil, brine, or soy sauce	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.2.2.4	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) or retort pouch vegetables	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.2.2.5	Vegetable, and nut and seed purees and spreads (e.g., peanut butter)	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.2.2.6	Vegetable, and nut and seed pulps and preparations (e.g., vegetable desserts and sauces, candied vegetables, soybean curd) other than food category 04.2.2.5	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.2.2.7	Fermented vegetable products	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
04.2.2.8	Cooked or fried vegetables and seaweeds	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
05.1.1	Cocoa mixes (powders and syrups)	1500 mg/kg	Note 42	6
05.1.2	Cocoa-based spreads, including fillings	1500 mg/kg	Note 42	6
05.1.3	Cocoa and chocolate products (e.g., milk chocolate bar, chocolate flakes, white chocolate) other than food categories 05.1.1, 05.1.2 and 05.1.4	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
05.1.4	Imitation chocolate, chocolate substitue products	1500 mg/kg	Note 42	6
05.2	Confectionery including hard and soft candy, nougat, etc. other than food categories 05.1, 05.3 and 05.4	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
05.3	Chewing gum	1500 mg/kg	Note 42	6
05.4	Decorations (e.g., for fine bakery wares), toppings (non-fruit) and sweet sauces	1500 mg/kg	Note 42	6
06.2	Flours and starches	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
06.4.2	Pre-cooked or dried pastas and noodles and like products	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
06.5	Cereal and starch based desserts (e.g., rice pudding, tapioca pudding)	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
06.6	Batters (e.g., for breading ro batters for fish or poultry)	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
07.0	Bakery wares	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
08.2	Processed meat, poultry, and game products in whole pieces or cuts	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
08.3	Processed comminuted meat, poultry, and game products	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
08.4	Edible casings (e.g., sausage casings)	GMP	Note 42	6
09.2.1	Frozen fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
09.2.2	Frozen battered fish, fish fillets, and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
09.2.3	Frozen minced and creamed fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
09.2.4.1	Cooked fish and fish products	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
09.2.4.2	Cooked mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	2000 mg/kg	Notes 42 & 82	6
09.2.5	Smoked, dried, fermented, and/or salted fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
09.3	Semi-preserved fish and fish products, including mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoderms	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
10.2.1	Liquid egg products	5000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
10.2.2	Frozen egg products	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
10.2.3	Dried and/or heat coagulated egg products	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
10.4	Egg-based desserts (e.g., custard)	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
11.1	White and semi-white sugar (sucrose or saccharose), fructose, glucose (dextrose), xylose; sugar solutions and syrups, also (partially) inverted sugars, incl. molasses, treacle, and sugar toppings	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
11.2	Other sugars and syrups (e.g., brown sugar, maple syrup)	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
11.4	Table-top sweeteners, including those containing high-intensity sweeteners	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
12.2	Herbs, spices, seasonings (including salt substitutes), and condiments (e.g., seasoning for instant noodles)	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
12.3	Vinegars	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
12.4	Mustards	1500 mg/kg	Note 42	6
12.5	Soups and broths	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
12.6	Sauces and like products	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
12.7	Salads (e.g., macaroni salad, potato salad) and sandwich spreads excluding cocoa- and nut-based spreads of food categories 04.2.2.5 and 05.1.2	1500 mg/kg	Note 42	6
13.3	Dietetic foods intended for special medical purposes, including those for infants and young children	1500 mg/kg	Note 42	6
13.4	Dietetic formulae for slimming purposes and weight reduction	1500 mg/kg	Note 42	6
13.5	Dietetic foods (e.g., supplementary foods for dietary use) excluding products of food categories 13.1 - 13.4	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
13.6	Food supplements	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.1.1.2	Table waters and soda waters	200 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.1.2.1	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit juice	2100 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.1.2.2	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) vegetable juice	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.1.2.3	Concentrate (liquid or solid) for fruit juice	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.1.2.4	Concentrate (liquid or solid) for vegetable juice	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.1.3.1	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) fruit nectar	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.1.3.2	Canned or bottled (pasteurized) vegetable nectar	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.1.3.3	Concentrate (liquid or solid) for fruit nectar	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.1.3.4	Concentrate (liquid or solid) for vegetable nectar	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.1.4.1	Carbonated drinks	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.1.4.2	Non-carbonated, including punches and ades	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.1.4.3	Concentrates (liquid or solid) for drinks	1500 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.1.5	Coffee, coffee substitutes, tea, herbal infusions, and other hot cereal and grain beverages, excluding cocoa	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.2.1	Beer and malt beverages	500 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.2.2	Cider and perry	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.2.3	Wines	2000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.2.4	Fruit wine	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.2.5	Mead	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
14.2.6	Spirituous beverages	600 mg/kg	Note 42	6
15.1	Snacks - potato, cereal, flour or starch based (from roots and tubers, pulses and legumes)	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
15.2	Processed nuts, including covered nuts and nut mixtures (with e.g., dried fruit)	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6
16.0	Composite foods (e.g., casseroles, meat pies, mincemeat) - foods that could not be placed in categories 01 - 15	1000 mg/kg	Note 42	6

SORBITAN ESTERS OF FATTY ACIDS