ANNEX 1: LIST OF INDICATORS

List of indicators (Helsinki: H, Montreal: M, Africa: A, Tarapoto: T)

Criteria and Indicators

H

M

A

T

States and change process of forest resources

Forest area/I

H

A

Other wooded land area /1

H

A

Area of forest and vegetation types /3

H

M

A

T

Forest plantations area per species category /4

A

T

Forest area by age class or by successional stage /5

H

M

Forest area by ownership type /6

H

Forest area by origin /7

H

Fragmentation of forests /8

M

A

Forest areas converted to other uses /9

T

Total biomass /10

M

A

Biomass according to forest types /11

M

Biomass by age classes or successional stage /12

M

Total carbon storage /13

H

M

Total standing volume /14

H

Average standing volume, possibly by vegetation zones or site classes /15

H

Change over time of total biomass /16

A

Change over time of total carbon storage /17

H

Absorption and release of carbon dioxide (balance) /18

M

Contribution of forest products to carbon balance/19

M

Change over time of total standing volume /20

H

Change over time of average standing volume, possibly according to vegetation zones or sites classes /21

H

Distribution by diameter classes and change process /22

H

Biological diversity

Area of natural forest or forest assimilated as such, and change process /23

H

A

Proportion of mixed plantations with 2-3 species, and change process /24

H

Area and proportion of ecosystem greatly modified ecologically /25

T

Area of strictly protected forest reserves, and forests that are protected by a special management regime and change process /26

H

A

Area of protected forest zones by forest type /27

M

T

Area of protected forest zones (with reference to IUCN typology or to other classification), by age classes or successional stages /28

M

Proportion of plantations managed for the conservation and the use of forest genetic resources (genetic reserves, stands set aside for seed collection, etc...), with differentiation between native and introduced species, and change process /29

H

Naturally regenerated area/total regenerated, and change process /30

H

T

Annual clearing of forest ecosystems which contain endemic species /31

A

Number of forest species /32

H

M

A

Number of endangered forests and change process /33

H

M

A

Proportion of endangered species/number of forest species, and change process /34

H

M

Proportion of threatened, rare, vulnerable, endangered and extinct species /35

M

Number of forest species which have a reduced distribution area compared to their area of origin /36

M

A

Health and vitality

Areas (and % of forest) affected by insect attacks or diseases, divided according to seriouness (measured by growth loss or death rate) /37

H

M

A

T

Forest area and other wooded land burnt annually /38

H

M

A

T

Annual rate of windthrow due to storms and % of forest concerned /39

H

M

A

and volumes extracted from these windthrow /40

Forest area (and % of forest) affected by: - clearing /41

M

Forest area (and % of forest) affected by: - permanent flooding /42

M

A

T

Forest area (and % of forest) affected by: - salinization /43

M

Forest area (and % of forest) affected by: - drought /44

A

Forest area (and % of forest) affected by: - wind erosion /45

A

Competition of exotic species /46

M

A

Encroachment of shrub species /47

A

Concentration of specific air pollution (sulphates, nitrates, ozone) or ultraviolet B radiation beyond a certain threshold /48

M

Change in defoliation (measured by % of defoliated trees) during the last 5 years (distinguishing between different levels of seriousness) /49

H

Area of forest land (and %) biologically impoverished /50

M

% of regeneration area with serious damage caused by wildlife or grazing (H); area affected by grazing (A) /51

H

A

% of forest ecosystems with and without regeneration /52

A

Total quantity, and change during last 5 years, of deposits of air pollutants /53

H

Change in the balance of nutritional elements and soil acidity (CEC and pH) in the course of the last 10 years /54

H

A

Production of wood and other forest products

% of managed forest according to a management plan or management guidelines /55

H

A

Area and % of forests with a sustained production objective, in comparison with forest area under permanent production /56

T

Area of forest land available for wood production /57

M

Forest plantation area, with differentiation between native and exotic species /58

M

T

Areas of production forests under sustainable management, divided by classes of unit areas and comparison with total forest area /59

T

Relation between increase in wood volume and harvest during the past 10 years /60

H

M

A

Volume (and %) of estimated sustainable forest production compared to total production /61

T

Total standing volume within production forests (M and A); differentiating (A); - merchantable species - non-merchantable species - and plantations (native or exotic species) /62

M

A

Average consumption of fuelwood per caput and per year /63

A

Ratio between annual collection of non-wood forest products and their estimated sustainable production /64

M

Quantity and/or total value (and change) of harvest of non-wood forest products: fodder, game, mushrooms, honey, gum, fruit, roots and leaves, medicinal substances, products for handicrafts, etc. /65

H

M

A

Soil and water protection

Forest area (and other wooded land) and % of area managed primarily for soil protection /66

H

M

A

T

Forest area (and other wooded land), and % of area managed primarily for water protection., against floods,... /67

H

M

A

T

Forest land area with a considerable soil erosion /68

M

Forest land area (and %) with very poor organic content, and/or whose chemical properties have been altered /69

M

Forest land area with compacted soils and/or whose physical properties have been altered /70

M

Forest land area (and %) with an accumulation of persistent toxic substances /71

M

% of the length of water streams located in the forest basins, with abnormal flows (compared to previous variations) /72

M

T

% of the length of water streams or of the area of water bodies with abnormally impoverished biological diversity (with reference to previous variations) /73

M

% of the length of water streams or of the area of water bodies with abnormal values (with reference to previous variations) in pH, quantity of dissolved oxygen, chemical components (electrical conductivity), sedimentation and temperature /74

M

Socio-economic functions

Area managed with primary objective: leisure and tourism /75

M

A

T

Maintenance of cultural, social and spiritual values /76

M

T

Management of landscape /77

A

Per caput area of freely accessible forest and % of total forest area /78

H

Volume of wood production /79

M

Production of non-wood forest products /80

M

Value of wood products

(H)

M

A

T

Value of Non-Wood Forest Products

(H)

M

A

T

Value of eco-tourism (recreation, hunting)

H

M

A

T

Share of forest sector in GNP/GDP

H

M

A

T

Value from forest industries

M

A

Value from biomass energy

A

Forest trade balance

(M)

A

(T)

Investment in forest sector and forest products based industries

H

M

A

T

Economic profitability of sustainable forest management

(H)

(M)

T

Efficiency and competitiveness of forest products, production and processing

T

Rate of return on forest investments

M

T

Rate of recycling of forest products

M

Employment generation in forest sector

H

M

A

T

Benefits accruing to local communities

A

T

Forest dependent communities

(H)

M

A

T

Subsistence use/food security

(H)

M

A

T

Average per capita income in different forest sector activities

(M)

Quality of life of local population

(H)

(M)

A

T

Research, development and education

(H)

M

(A)

T

Relation between direct and indirect uses of forests

T

Legal and institutional frameworks

National forest policy, legislation and regulations

(H)

M

A

T

Institutional instruments and tools

(H)

M

A

T

Concrete implementation and capacity to monitor

(H)

M

A

T

Economic framework and financial instruments

(H)

M

A

T

Community consultation and information tools

(H)

M

A

T

Research and extension capacity

(H)

M

A

T

Valorization of local expertise, knowledge and local technologies

(H)

M

A

T

Transfer and adaptation of appropriate technologies

(H)

(M)

A

T

Capacity to implement international instrument

T

Criteria and Indicators	H	M	A	T
States and change process of forest resources
Forest area/I	H		A
Other wooded land area /1	H		A
Area of forest and vegetation types /3	H	M	A	T
Forest plantations area per species category /4			A	T
Forest area by age class or by successional stage /5	H	M
Forest area by ownership type /6	H
Forest area by origin /7	H
Fragmentation of forests /8		M	A
Forest areas converted to other uses /9				T
Total biomass /10		M	A
Biomass according to forest types /11		M
Biomass by age classes or successional stage /12		M
Total carbon storage /13	H	M
Total standing volume /14	H
Average standing volume, possibly by vegetation zones or site classes /15	H
Change over time of total biomass /16			A
Change over time of total carbon storage /17	H
Absorption and release of carbon dioxide (balance) /18		M
Contribution of forest products to carbon balance/19		M
Change over time of total standing volume /20	H
Change over time of average standing volume, possibly according to vegetation zones or sites classes /21	H
Distribution by diameter classes and change process /22	H
Biological diversity
Area of natural forest or forest assimilated as such, and change process /23	H		A
Proportion of mixed plantations with 2-3 species, and change process /24	H
Area and proportion of ecosystem greatly modified ecologically /25				T
Area of strictly protected forest reserves, and forests that are protected by a special management regime and change process /26	H		A
Area of protected forest zones by forest type /27		M		T
Area of protected forest zones (with reference to IUCN typology or to other classification), by age classes or successional stages /28		M
Proportion of plantations managed for the conservation and the use of forest genetic resources (genetic reserves, stands set aside for seed collection, etc...), with differentiation between native and introduced species, and change process /29	H
Naturally regenerated area/total regenerated, and change process /30	H			T
Annual clearing of forest ecosystems which contain endemic species /31			A
Number of forest species /32	H	M	A
Number of endangered forests and change process /33	H	M	A
Proportion of endangered species/number of forest species, and change process /34	H	M
Proportion of threatened, rare, vulnerable, endangered and extinct species /35		M
Number of forest species which have a reduced distribution area compared to their area of origin /36		M	A
Health and vitality
Areas (and % of forest) affected by insect attacks or diseases, divided according to seriouness (measured by growth loss or death rate) /37	H	M	A	T
Forest area and other wooded land burnt annually /38	H	M	A	T
Annual rate of windthrow due to storms and % of forest concerned /39	H	M	A
and volumes extracted from these windthrow /40
Forest area (and % of forest) affected by: - clearing /41		M
Forest area (and % of forest) affected by: - permanent flooding /42		M	A	T
Forest area (and % of forest) affected by: - salinization /43		M
Forest area (and % of forest) affected by: - drought /44			A
Forest area (and % of forest) affected by: - wind erosion /45			A
Competition of exotic species /46		M	A
Encroachment of shrub species /47			A
Concentration of specific air pollution (sulphates, nitrates, ozone) or ultraviolet B radiation beyond a certain threshold /48		M
Change in defoliation (measured by % of defoliated trees) during the last 5 years (distinguishing between different levels of seriousness) /49	H
Area of forest land (and %) biologically impoverished /50		M
% of regeneration area with serious damage caused by wildlife or grazing (H); area affected by grazing (A) /51	H		A
% of forest ecosystems with and without regeneration /52			A
Total quantity, and change during last 5 years, of deposits of air pollutants /53	H
Change in the balance of nutritional elements and soil acidity (CEC and pH) in the course of the last 10 years /54	H		A
Production of wood and other forest products
% of managed forest according to a management plan or management guidelines /55	H		A
Area and % of forests with a sustained production objective, in comparison with forest area under permanent production /56				T
Area of forest land available for wood production /57		M
Forest plantation area, with differentiation between native and exotic species /58		M		T
Areas of production forests under sustainable management, divided by classes of unit areas and comparison with total forest area /59				T
Relation between increase in wood volume and harvest during the past 10 years /60	H	M	A
Volume (and %) of estimated sustainable forest production compared to total production /61				T
Total standing volume within production forests (M and A); differentiating (A); - merchantable species - non-merchantable species - and plantations (native or exotic species) /62		M	A
Average consumption of fuelwood per caput and per year /63			A
Ratio between annual collection of non-wood forest products and their estimated sustainable production /64		M
Quantity and/or total value (and change) of harvest of non-wood forest products: fodder, game, mushrooms, honey, gum, fruit, roots and leaves, medicinal substances, products for handicrafts, etc. /65	H	M	A
Soil and water protection
Forest area (and other wooded land) and % of area managed primarily for soil protection /66	H	M	A	T
Forest area (and other wooded land), and % of area managed primarily for water protection., against floods,... /67	H	M	A	T
Forest land area with a considerable soil erosion /68		M
Forest land area (and %) with very poor organic content, and/or whose chemical properties have been altered /69		M
Forest land area with compacted soils and/or whose physical properties have been altered /70		M
Forest land area (and %) with an accumulation of persistent toxic substances /71		M
% of the length of water streams located in the forest basins, with abnormal flows (compared to previous variations) /72		M		T
% of the length of water streams or of the area of water bodies with abnormally impoverished biological diversity (with reference to previous variations) /73		M
% of the length of water streams or of the area of water bodies with abnormal values (with reference to previous variations) in pH, quantity of dissolved oxygen, chemical components (electrical conductivity), sedimentation and temperature /74		M
Socio-economic functions
Area managed with primary objective: leisure and tourism /75		M	A	T
Maintenance of cultural, social and spiritual values /76		M		T
Management of landscape /77			A
Per caput area of freely accessible forest and % of total forest area /78	H
Volume of wood production /79		M
Production of non-wood forest products /80		M
Value of wood products	(H)	M	A	T
Value of Non-Wood Forest Products	(H)	M	A	T
Value of eco-tourism (recreation, hunting)	H	M	A	T
Share of forest sector in GNP/GDP	H	M	A	T
Value from forest industries		M	A
Value from biomass energy			A
Forest trade balance		(M)	A	(T)
Investment in forest sector and forest products based industries	H	M	A	T
Economic profitability of sustainable forest management	(H)	(M)		T
Efficiency and competitiveness of forest products, production and processing				T
Rate of return on forest investments		M		T
Rate of recycling of forest products		M
Employment generation in forest sector	H	M	A	T
Benefits accruing to local communities			A	T
Forest dependent communities	(H)	M	A	T
Subsistence use/food security	(H)	M	A	T
Average per capita income in different forest sector activities		(M)
Quality of life of local population	(H)	(M)	A	T
Research, development and education	(H)	M	(A)	T
Relation between direct and indirect uses of forests				T
Legal and institutional frameworks
National forest policy, legislation and regulations	(H)	M	A	T
Institutional instruments and tools	(H)	M	A	T
Concrete implementation and capacity to monitor	(H)	M	A	T
Economic framework and financial instruments	(H)	M	A	T
Community consultation and information tools	(H)	M	A	T
Research and extension capacity	(H)	M	A	T
Valorization of local expertise, knowledge and local technologies	(H)	M	A	T
Transfer and adaptation of appropriate technologies	(H)	(M)	A	T
Capacity to implement international instrument				T