Glossary and index

In the list below you will find an explanation of the terminology we use in the context of this book. The third column gives you the main topic the term is related to and the page number(s) where the term is used.

acidity test	milk quality test that measures lactic acid	milk testing
adulteration	addition of other substances to milk which reduces the quality of the milk(e.g. water)	milk payment
alcohol test	milk quality test	milk testing
animal health care	services provided by the group to prevent	group activities
services	and treat sick animals
artificial insemination	animal breeding method	group activities
association	association consisting of and governed by representatives of milk producer groups	developing groups
auditing	checking of bookkeeping	keeping records
balance brought	amount of money used as a starting point of	keeping records
forward	a new financial period/new cashbook page
brainstorming	a means of getting ideas from participants	participatory tools
breeding services	upgrading of animals through introduction of improved genes	group activities
calling meetings	see meetings	-
cashbook	record of cash coming in and going out	keeping records
chairperson	leader of the group with specific tasks	leadership/elections
cheese	milk product	milk processing
churning	agitation of whole milk or cream to make butter adding starters and rennet	milk processing
clot on boiling test	milk quality test through heating	milk testing
clotting	change from liquid milk to (semi-) solid by	milk processing
collaboration matrix	tool to assess possible collaboration with other organizations	participatory tools
collection centre	a place to collect milk in bulk	milk collection
conflicts	disagreements within the group	developing groups
constitution	set of written rules made by members of a group	forming groups
cream	milk product	milk processing
credit	advance money from group to members	financial service
curd separation	after coagulation the milk is separated into whey and cheese curd	milk processing
dairy institutional	tool to explore cooperation with	participatory tools
diagram	other organizations
developing countries	see Development Assistance Committee (DAC) list: www.oecd.org/dac/htm/daclst2000.htm
developing groups	improving already existing groups	developing groups
elections	group members choosing their leaders	leadership/elections
enabling environment	external factors for a group	read this first!
FAO	Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations	-
feasibility study	assessing whether a product is likely to make money	milk marketing
feed	animal feed bought in bulk by the group	input supply services
financial records	notes of income and expenses	keeping records
financial services	savings and credit provided by the group	group activities
flip-chart	paper holder to be used for training	information/advice
formal registration	legally registering the group	forming groups
forming groups	setting up groups of milk producers	forming groups
Gerber test	test to determine amount of fat in milk	milk testing
group assessment	checklist used to analyse group development	participatory tools
checklist
group motivation	making sure members are keen to continue with the group activities	developing groups
heat treatment	destroying any potential pathogenic germs by heating milk at a minimum of 63°C for 30 min	milk processing
ICA	International Cooperative Alliance	read this first!
inaugural meeting	first official meeting of the group	forming groups
insurance schemes	group insurances for e.g. animals	financial services
Lactoperoxidase	enzyme that keeps the milk for a longer period	milk preservation
learning tours	members go and visit places of interest to learn	group activities
loans	see credit	-
marketing	selling milk products	group activities
meetings	get together of group members	forming groups
milk	milk from animals that is collected and processed (from cows, goats, sheep, yaks, buffaloes, camels)	-
milk collection	collection of milk from more than one farmer to a collection point or centre.	milk collection
milk cooling	cooling milk to increase keeping time	milk preservation
milk hygiene	making sure a milk product is clean and safe for consumption	milk collection
milk payments	payments from group to an individual member	milk payment systems
milk preservation	increasing keeping time of milk	milk processing
milk processing	processing of raw milk into milk products	milk processing
milk producer	see association	-
association
milk producer groups	group consisting of milk producers with, as a main activity, collecting milk from members in order to sell directly, process, cool or transport the milk.	read this first!
milk producer union	national organization of milk producer groups	developing groups
milk production map	map of all milk production related items for participatory analysis	participatory tools
milk sampling	taking small amounts of milk for analysis later	milk collection
milk testing	checking the hygiene and composition of milk	milk collection
motivation	see group motivation
organoleptic tests	tests based on taste, smell, or visual observations.	milk testing
participation	acknowledging ideas of all group members	participatory tools
pasteurization	destroying any potential pathogenic germs by heating milk at a minimum of 63°C for 30 min	milk processing
planning of activities	planning who is doing what and when	forming groups
principles of a group	features of a participatory group (by ICA)	read this first!
processing of milk	making milk products like cheese, yoghurt, etc.	milk processing
ranking	method used to prioritize items	participatory tools
record keeping	noting down important information for the group	forming groups
recruitment	see staff recruitment	-
registration	see formal registration	-
rennet	substance causing milk to coagulate, used for	milk processing
	the preparation of cheese
saving	putting money aside for future purposes	financial services
secretary	group leader with specific tasks	leadership/elections
semi-structured interviewing	an informal guided dialogue	participatory tools
SNF	Solids Non Fat	milk testing
staff recruitment	employing workers	developing groups
standardisation	making milk with constant butterfat through partial skimming	milk processing
SWOT analysis	Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats analysis	participatory tools
testing of milk	see milk testing	-
training	education of milk producer group members	information/advice
treasurer	group leader with specific tasks	leadership/elections
TS	Total Solids	milk payments
veterinary services	see animal health care services	-
video presentation	training method with the use of a video	information/advice
whey	watery part remaining after milk has curdled	milk processing
yoghurt	fermented milk product	milk processing