| ALCOM |
| The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. |
Preface During 1987–90, ALCOM assisted the Department of Fisheries, Zambia, in introducing fish farming in the country's Eastern Province. Visits were made to select villages, slides were shown to interested farmers, advice and guidance on various aspects of fish farming including site selection and pond digging were provided, and the spread of fish farming was monitored. The use of local materials and tools for fish farming to ensure easy replicability was encouraged. This pamphlet is part of a series of three. They are designed to follow up on the earlier extension work and consolidate it. Though the pamphlets have been designed for use in Eastern Province, they can be adapted or modified for use elsewhere in Zambia, and in southern Africa. The sketches for this pamphlet were done by Mr C N Kanoso. Planning and design of the pamphlet and the text were organized by Mr J C Mutale, Mr H W van der Mheen and Ms J van der Mheen Sluijer. ALCOM is a regional FAO aquaculture programme which covers countries that belong to SADCC (Southern African Development Coordination Conference) -- Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. The programme is funded by SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority) and executed by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). |
| Published by ALCOM, P O Box 3730, Harare. Tel: 724985, 734797. Telex: 26040 FAO ZW. Fax: 263-4-729563. |
Now that your pond is ready, you can fill it with water. Make sure that you have put a screen at the inlet to prevent wild fish from coming in.
Popeza mwasiliza ku konza chitsime chanu tsopano, ikamoni madzi ndi ponso m'bvale polowela madzi kuti m'letse nsomba zina kulowamo.
When your pond is filled up, close the ditch so that there is no more water from the stream coming into your pond. You can either do this by putting a big stone, wooden plank or just by heaping mud at the place where the water comes into the ditch.
M'tatsiliza kuikamo madzi, bvalani m'gelo ongenetsa madzi kuti madzi aleke kulowa m'ngachite ici poikapo mwala pulanga kapena ku unjika dothi pamene polowela madzi.
Before you put the baby fish in your pond, you will have to make sure that there is food in the water for your fish. This pamphlet will explain to you how to feed your fish.
Pamene mukalibe kuyika twana twa nsomba mu chitsime muyenela kuzibitsitsa kuti chakudya chansomba chilimo. Aka kabuku kaza kuwonetsani kadyesedwe kansomba zanu muzibe lanu.
HOW TO FERTILIZE THE WATER OF YOUR POND
Fertile soils give a higher yield of maize or cassava. Likewise fertile water in your pond gives a better harvest of fish.
MWAMENE MUNGATHE KUIKILA FATALEZA MU MADZI AMU CHITSIME CHA NSOMBA
Nthaka yabwino yimabeleka chimanga kapena chinangwa chambiri. Chimodzi modzi madzi amene ali ndi chakudya chansomba chimene chili ndi fataleza ama beleketsa nsomba zambiri ndi ku kula bwino.
Build a crib with bamboo or other wooden pools in one corner in the deeper part of the pond. This crib will hold the compost you will put in the pond.
Mangani kampanda kansungwi kapena umitengo ku mbali kwa chitsime canu. Kampanda aka ka zathandiza kugwila zinyalala zomwe m'zayamba kuikamo.
You can fertilize the water in your pond by putting animal manure in the crib.
M'ngaike fataleza monga ulongwe kumbali kwa kampanda kamene.
You can mix the animal manure with kitchen wastes and fresh plant material.
M'ngasakanize ulongwe wa ng'ombe ndi wa nkhuku ndiponso zinyalala
This is what we call “making compost”. You can use the following things for your compost.
Munga pange manyuwa posewenzetsa zinthu, izi, ndi zimene timati “chulu chamanyuwa”.
Use animal manure from cattle, goats, pigs and collect the droppings of chickens or ducks.
Sewezetsani ulongwe wa ng'ombe, mbuzi, nkhumba ndi nkhuku kapena mabakha.
You can also use spoiled fruit, household leftovers, vegetable waste, groundnutcake and cotton or sunflower seeds.
M'ngasewezenso zipatso zoola, zotsalila za ndio zamasamba ndi zotsalila za zakudya.
If you grow cassava, you can soak the cassava in your fish pond.
Ngati mulima chinangwa, m'khoza kubvuika chinangwachi m'chitsime chanu.
After brewing beer, the beerwaste can be put in the compost crib. Ashes from the firewood can also be used.
Ngati mwa phika mowa m'ngaike masese mu kamupanda. M'ngaikemonso ndi pulusa.
You can mix the other things with almost any type of fresh plant material.
M'ngasakanize zakudya zilizonse ndi ndiyo zamasamba za m'tundu uli onse.
As you can see you can put a lot of things in your compost crib. But your fish will grow better if you mix the plant material and leftovers with animal manure.
Mwamene mwawonela mungathe ku wika zinthu zotsiyana tsiyana muchulu chamanyuwa koma nsomba zikula bwino ngati musankaniza zaku dala ndi masamba amitengo ndi matuvi azinyama.
When you first put compost into your crib, fill the crib to the water line.
Ngati muika zinyalala m'kamupanda dzadzani chitsime ndi madzi.
The water will start to turn green after a week or longer. The green colour means that natural food is growing in your pond and the fish will grow faster.
Madzi aza yamba kukhala obiliwila patapita sabata limodzi kapena kupitililapo. Kubiliwila kwa madzi kutsonyeza kuti za kudya za chikhalile zayamba kukula mumadzimo ndipo nsomba zizadya.
If you can see that the water is losing its green colour, put more compost in the crib and stir it with a stick to break it up.
Ngati muona kuti kubiliwila kwa madzi kwa yamba kuchepekela m'madzi ikamoni zinyalala za matsamba zina.
When the water is green, you can bring in the baby fish. They will find natural food in the water on which they can feed.
Ngati madzi yabiliwila tsopano, ikamoni tunsomba tung'ono ng'ono. Tutsomba utu uzapeza za kudya zachikhalile m'madzi.
HOW TO FEED YOUR FISH
KUDYETSELA NSOMBA
You have just learned how to fertilize the water. This will ensure that natural food is growing in your fish pond. Besides this natural food, you can also feed your fish directly so that they grow faster.
Mwangophunzila kasamalidwe ka madzi ndiponso za chakudya chakazikhalile chomwe chimapezeka m'madzi. M'khoza kudyesela nsomba zanu ndi chakudya cina kuti nsomba zikule mwam'sanga.
You can give your fish many things to eat.
Mukhoza ku dyetsa nsomba zinthu zambiri.
You can give them maize bran or rice bran.
M'ngazipatse gaga.
Or sweepings from the grinding mill.
Kapena zotsalila pansi m'chigayo.
Cassava sweepings.
Zotsalila za chinangwa.
Nshima and tute leftovers.
Nshima kapena zotsalila za chinangwa.
Cassava leaves and other tender leaves.
Matepo ya chinangwa kapena ndio zina zili zotse zamasamba ofewa.
And even termites.
Kapena muswe.
If you want your fish to grow fast you should feed them every day.
Ngati mufuna kuti nsomba zanu zikule mwa m'sanga m'zizidyetsela matsiku onse.
In the beginning, when the fish is still small, you will only need to feed them a little bit.
Poyamba ngati nsomba zikali zazing'ono, m'zizidyesela mwa pang'ono.
When the fish grows bigger you should give them more to eat.
Koma ngati zakula m'zizipatsa za kudya zambili.
It is not always easy to know exactly how much food to feed your fish. You must watch them when they eat, to learn how much food they need.
If they do not eat all their food, give them a little less the next day.
If they eat everything quickly, give them a little more the next day.
Ndicobvuta kudziwa unyinji wa chakudya comwe zikhoza kudya. Chifunika kuziona ngati zikudya.
Ngati tsizisiliza comwe mwazipatsa, m'chepetseko pozipatsa m'mawa mwake.
Koma ngati zatsiliza, muikilile m'mawa mwake.
Do not forget to add a bucket of compost every week to keep your crib full. Natural food will continue to grow in the green water.
M'saiwale kuikamo zinyalala zokwanila mugomo umodazi pali sonde iliyonse. Zakudya za chikalile ziza pitiliza ku kula mu madzi obiliwila.
HOW TO TAKE CARE OF YOUR FISH
You must take good care of your fish. Watch them carefully to see that they are healthy and swimming strongly.
KASAMALIDWE KA NSOMBA
Muyenela kusamala nsomba zanu. Zisungeni bwino mwa ukhondo kuti zikhale zamoyo.
If you see a lot of fish coming to the surface gasping for air, there may be too little air in the water for your fish to breathe.
Ngati mwaona kuti nsomba zanu zibwela pam'tunda pa madzi ndiye kuti pansi palibe m'pweya wa bwino.
What should you do?
Do not put any compost into your crib for a few weeks
Give less food to your fish
If you have been tapping water from a stream, change some of the water in your pond for several days. The pictures will show you how to do this.
M'ngacitenji pabvuto limeneli?
M'saikemo zinyalala m'madzi
Zipatseni chakudya chochepa
Ngati madzi anali kucokela m'msinje, sinthani madzi a m'chitsime kwa kanthawi monga pa chithunzi ichi.
Open the ditch and let in some new clean water.
Bvula m'gelo kuti madzi abwino alowe.
The old water will drain out of the pond at the overflow.
Madzi akudala aza chokamo.
Do this for two or three hours each day, for several days until you see that your fish are well.
Chitani tero kapena katatu pa tsiku lililonse mpakila nsomba zitakala bwino.
