FAO/GIEWS: Africa Report - November 1997:

LIBERIA

CURRENT SITUATION

Rainfall decreased in July and August in the west, stopped in the east, and resumed in early September. Cumulative rainfall as of early September is reported to be normal. Rice is currently being harvested. Food production in 1997 is expected to improve somewhat from past years. Relative peace and stability continue to prevail throughout the country and have exerted a positive influence on farming activities. No major climatic constraint or pest have been reported. Rice and cassava yields should be similar to the estimates for the 1996 growing season. Following the return of thousands of refugees from neighbouring countries, the price of rice is rising sharply and is now equivalent to several week's salary. Most people have turned to cassava as a substitute, but prices are also increasing.

Agricultural activities during the growing season have been close to normal in Lofa, Bong and Nimba counties considered to be the grain basket of the country. Therefore, the cultivated area this year should be substantially higher than in 1996. Although the lack of hand tools and the limited stock of rice seed were limiting factors, this was alleviated by a massive seed and tool distribution programme. Preliminary reports show that some 118 000 vulnerable families, or some 55 percent of the total, should have been reached by the seed and tool distribution programme. No major climatic constraint or pest have been reported. Rice and cassava yields should be similar to the estimates for the 1996 growing season.

Following the disarmament and demobilization of some 21 300 soldiers, security conditions are returning to normal. A peace keeping force is deployed in the country and national presidential elections were held in mid July 1997. The food supply situation is improving following recovery of trade and commercial activities. The displaced population is spontaneously returning to areas of origin. Data collected by international organizations show that at least 50 000 Liberian refugees have resettled in Lofa, Nimba and Grand Gedeh counties during the first five months of the year. At the same time the numbers of internally displaced persons in Monrovia and Buchanan were sharply reduced with at least 100 000 people moving mainly to Grand Bassa, Rivercess, Bomi and Cape Mount counties. Food aid is being distributed to about 185 000 people. Food supply on the urban market is stable and, in general, prices have declined since the beginning of the year. However, the food supply situation in rural areas will continue to be tight, especially during the lean season of August-September. Overall, Liberia will remain dependent on food aid, especially for the counties with a high number of returnees.