The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025

Abbreviations

ADERaverage dietary energy requirement

AFSAfrican swine fever

AMISAgricultural Market Information System

ARIMAXAutoregressive Integrated Moving Average with External Explanatory Variable

BMIbody mass index

CoAHDcost and affordability of a healthy diet

COFECEFederal Economic Competition Commission

CoHDcost of a healthy diet

COMESACommon Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

CPIconsumer price index

CVcoefficient of variation

CV|rCV due to energy requirements

CV|yCV due to income

DECdietary energy consumption

DESdietary energy supply

DHSdemographic and health survey

ECBEuropean Central Bank

EUROSTATStatistical Office of the European Union

FAOFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

FBDGsfood-based dietary guidelines

FBSfood balance sheet

FFPIFAO Food Price Index

FIESFood Insecurity Experience Scale

FIES-SMFood Insecurity Experience Scale Survey Module

FI_mod+sevprevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity

FI_sevprevalence of severe food insecurity

food CPIfood consumer price index

GDPgross domestic product

GIZDeutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH

GWPGallup© World Poll

HCEShousehold consumption and expenditure survey

HDBHealthy Diet Basket

HICshigh-income countries

IBRDInternational Bank for Reconstruction and Development

ICPInternational Comparison Program

IFADInternational Fund for Agricultural Development

IFPRIInternational Food Policy Research Institute

ILOInternational Labour Organization

IMFInternational Monetary Fund

IPC/CHIntegrated Food Security Phase Classification/Cadre Harmonisé

IQRinterquartile range

JMEJoint Child Malnutrition Estimates

LCUlocal currency unit

LDCleast developed country

LICslow-income countries

LMICslower-middle-income countries

LSMSLiving Standards Measurement Study

MCMCMarkov Chain Monte Carlo

MDDminimum dietary diversity

MDD-CMinimum Dietary Diversity for Children

MDD-WMinimum Dietary Diversity for Women

MDERminimum dietary energy requirement

MICsmiddle-income countries

MICSMultiple Indicator Cluster Surveys

MISmarket information system

MSPminimum support price

NCDnon-communicable disease

NoUnumber of undernourished

NUAnumber of people unable to afford a healthy diet

OECDOrganisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

PALphysical activity level

PoUprevalence of undernourishment

PPPpurchasing power parity

PUAprevalence of unaffordability of a healthy diet

R&Dresearch and development

SDstandard deviation

SDGSustainable Development Goal

SDIsociodemographic index

SMARTStandardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transition

SMEsmall and medium-sized enterprise

SUAsupply utilization account

UMICsupper-middle-income countries

UNCTADUnited Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UN DESAUnited Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

UN-HabitatUnited Nations Human Settlements Programme

UNICEFUnited Nations Children’s Fund

VATvalue added tax

VMNISVitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System

WDIWorld Development Indicators

WFPWorld Food Programme

WHAWorld Health Assembly

WHOWorld Health Organization

WTOWorld Trade Organization

This flagship publication is part of The State of the World series of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Required citation:
FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP and WHO. 2025. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025 – Addressing high food price inflation for food security and nutrition. Rome, FAO.
https://doi.org/10.4060/cd6008en

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INDIA. Winnowing wheat: scaling up financing flows will accelerate the vital transformation of agrifood systems.

This flagship publication is part of The State of the World series of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

A Creative Commons BY license icon, featuring the letters “CC” in a circle and a person symbol.

Some rights reserved. This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution - 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.en).

INDIA. Winnowing wheat: scaling up financing flows will accelerate the vital transformation of agrifood systems.