ANNEX 1A: Statistical tables to Chapter 2

TABLE A1.1 Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals and global nutrition targets: prevalence of undernourishment, moderate or severe food insecurity, selected forms of malnutrition, exclusive breastfeeding and low birthweight

A table that shows global and regional statistics on malnutrition, obesity, and related health indicators from 2004 to 2024. A table that shows data on various health and demographic indicators across African regions and countries, indicating trends and comparisons in areas such as fertility rates, life expectancy, and child mortality. A table that shows statistical data for various African countries, including percentages and numerical values across multiple categories. A table that shows data on various health and demographic indicators across Southern and Western African countries, highlighting trends and differences in metrics such as life expectancy, fertility rates, and other key statistics. A table that shows regional and country-level data on various metrics, with numerical values organized in rows and columns. A table that shows displaying statistical data for various countries in South-Eastern and Southern Asia, with multiple columns of numerical values. A table that shows data on various indicators for countries in Southern and Western Asia, excluding India, including metrics like population growth, urbanization, and economic factors. A table that shows regional and country-specific data on various metrics, including numerical values and not available (n. a.) entries for unavailable data. A table that shows statistical data for various countries in Central and South America, including Saint Lucia, Belize, and Mexico, with numerical values for different years and categories. A table that shows data on population trends and statistics for countries in Oceania and South America, highlighting variations across regions and time periods. A table that shows data on various Pacific Island nations and Northern American and European regions, showing demographic and health-related statistics, including population, fertility rates, and life expectancy. A table that shows compares alcohol consumption rates across various countries and regions, including the United States, Europe, and specific European countries, over multiple years. A table that shows the percentage of people aged 65 and older in various European countries from 2000 to 2022. A table that shows numerical data for Western European countries, including Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Switzerland, with various metrics across multiple columns.
NOTES:
n.a. = data not available; n.r. = not reported; – = not applicable; <2.5 = prevalence of undernourishment less than 2.5 percent; <0.5 = prevalence of severe food insecurity less than 0.5 percent.
1. Undernourishment and food insecurity statistics are under the custodianship of FAO. Regional estimates are included when more than 50 percent of population is covered. To reduce the margin of error, estimates are presented as three-year averages.
2. FAO estimates of the number of people living in households where at least one adult has been found to be food insecure.
3. Country-level results are presented only for those countries for which estimates are based on official national data (see note b) or as provisional estimates, based on FAO data collected through the Gallup© World Poll for countries whose national relevant authorities expressed no objection to their publication. Note that consent to publication does not necessarily imply validation of the estimate by the national authorities involved and that the estimate is subject to revision as soon as suitable data from official national sources are available. Global, regional and subregional aggregates are based on data collected in approximately 150 countries.
4. The estimates referring to the point estimates for the years 2022 to 2024 were used to calculate the three-year averages.
5. For aggregate estimates, values correspond to the model predicted estimates for 2024. For countries, the latest data available from 2017 to 2024 are used.
6. Aggregate estimates are included when more than 50 percent of population is covered. For countries, the latest data available from 2005 to 2012 are used.
7. Aggregate estimates are included when more than 50 percent of population is covered. For countries, the latest data available from 2017 to 2024 are used.
* Food insecurity estimates for Northern Africa do not reflect updated data for the Sudan after 2018.
a. Based on official national data.
b. For years when official national data are not available, the estimates are projected using FAO data. See Annex 1B for further details.
c. Does not include the Tigray region.
d. No updated data are available for Palestine in 2022 and 2023. The estimate for Palestine in 2024 does not include the Gaza Strip and only reflects the likely situation in the West Bank and East Jerusalem.
e. Results based on data collected by FAO through the Gallup© World Poll (see Annex 1B for methodology) are provisional and will be revised soon, as the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI) has adapted the FIES module to the national context and is in the process of collecting FIES data through the National Household Survey (Encuesta Nacional de Hogares – ENAHO), covering the year 2025.
f. Most recent input data are from before 2000; interpret with caution.
g. This estimate has been adjusted because the original estimate did not cover the full age range, or the data source was only representative of rural areas.
h. The UNICEF–WHO low birthweight estimates are derived through standard methodology applied to all countries to ensure comparability and are not the official statistics of the Government of India. India’s most recent national official low birthweight prevalence is 18.2 percent from the 2019–2021 National Family Health Survey–5 (NFHS-5), which is used as the basis of the UNICEF–WHO global estimation model to support cross-country comparability.
i. For wasting, the estimates for Australia and New Zealand were derived applying mixed-effect models with subregions as fixed effects.42 Data were available only for Australia, preventing the estimation of confidence intervals. Model selection is based on best fit.
SOURCES: Data for undernourishment and food insecurity are from FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT: Suite of Food Security Indicators. [Accessed on 28 July 2025]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS. Licence: CC-BY-4.0; data for stunting, wasting and overweight are based on UNICEF, WHO & World Bank. 2025. UNICEF-WHO-World Bank: Joint child malnutrition estimates - Levels and trends (2025 edition) [Cited 4 April 2025]. https://www.who.int/teams/nutrition-and-food-safety/monitoring-nutritional-status-and-food-safety-and-events/joint-child-malnutrition-estimates/latest-estimates; data for exclusive breastfeeding are based on UNICEF. 2024. Infant and young child feeding. In: UNICEF. [Cited 6 April 2025]. https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/infant-and-young-child-feeding; data for low birthweight are from UNICEF & WHO. 2023. Low birthweight joint estimates 2023 edition. [Cited 12 July 2023]. https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/low-birthweight; www.who.int/teams/nutrition-and-food-safety/monitoring-nutritional-status-and-food-safety-and-events/joint-low-birthweight-estimates; data for anaemia are based on WHO. 2025. WHO global anaemia estimates, 2025 edition. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/anaemia_in_women_and_children; data for adult obesity are based on WHO. 2024. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data repository: Prevalence of obesity among adults, BMI ≥ 30, age-standardized. Estimates by country. [Accessed on 24 July 2024]. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/prevalence-of-obesity-among-adults-bmi-=-30-(age-standardized-estimate)-(-). Licence: CC-BY-4.0.

TABLE A1.2 Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals and global nutrition targets: number of people who are affected by undernourishment, moderate or severe food insecurity and selected forms of malnutrition; number of infants exclusively breastfed and number of babies born with low birthweight

A table that shows global and regional data on malnutrition and related health indicators from 2004 to 2024, including the number of undernourished people, stunted children, and anemia-affected women. A table that shows data on energy consumption in Northern Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa, including regional and country-specific statistics from 1971 to 2019. A table that shows data on energy consumption in various African countries and regions, categorized by subregions, with figures for different years and energy types. A table that shows data on energy consumption and production in Western Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of Asia, indicating regional and country-specific statistics. A table that shows numerical data for various countries and regions in Asia, categorized by subregions and specific countries. A table that shows population data for various countries in Southeast and Southern Asia, showing figures across multiple years and categories, including totals for Southern Asia. A table that shows statistical data for Southern Asia and Western Asia, including various countries, with numerical values for different categories. A table that shows regional and country-level data on various metrics for Central Asia, Southern Asia, Eastern Asia, South-eastern Asia, Western Asia, Northern Africa, and Latin America and the Caribbean, including the Caribbean subregion and individual countries. A table that shows data on various countries in Central and South America, as well as the Caribbean, showing numerical values across multiple categories, including economic and demographic indicators. A table that shows numerical data for various countries and regions, categorized by geographic areas and metrics. A table that shows numerical data for various regions, including Micronesia, Polynesia, and Northern America, with categories and subcategories for analysis. A table that shows data on various metrics for Eastern and Northern European countries, including Belarus, Bulgaria, Denmark, and others. It indicates values such as population, economic indicators, and other statistics. A table that shows numerical data for various European countries, categorized by region, with values representing specific metrics. A table that shows data across seven Western European countries, including Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Switzerland, with various numerical values and notations for different categories.
NOTES:
n.a. = data not available; n.r. = data not reported (in the case of the number of undernourished, this is because the prevalence is less than 2.5 percent); – = not applicable; <0.1 = less than 100 000 people.
1. Undernourishment and food insecurity statistics are under the custodianship of FAO. Regional estimates are included when more than 50 percent of population is covered. To reduce the margin of error, estimates are presented as three-year averages.
2. FAO estimates of the number of people living in households where at least one adult has been found to be food insecure.
3. Country-level results are presented only for those countries for which estimates are based on official national data (see note b) or as provisional estimates, based on FAO data collected through the Gallup© World Poll for countries whose national relevant authorities expressed no objection to their publication. Note that consent to publication does not necessarily imply validation of the estimate by the national authorities involved and that the estimate is subject to revision as soon as suitable data from official national sources are available. Global, regional and subregional aggregates are based on data collected in approximately 150 countries.
4. The estimates referring to the point estimates for the years 2022 to 2024 were used to calculate the three-year averages.
5. For aggregate estimates, values correspond to the model predicted estimates for 2024. For countries, the latest data available from 2017 to 2024 are used.
6. Aggregate estimates are included when more than 50 percent of population is covered. For countries, the latest data available from 2005 to 2012 are used.
7. Aggregate estimates are included when more than 50 percent of population is covered. For countries, the latest data available from 2017 to 2024 are used.
* Food insecurity estimates for Northern Africa do not reflect updated data for the Sudan after 2018.
a. Based on official national data.
b. For years when official national data are not available, the estimates are projected using FAO data. See Annex 1B for further details.
c. Does not include the Tigray region.
d. No updated data are available for Palestine in 2022 and 2023. The estimate for Palestine in 2024 does not include the Gaza Strip and only reflects the likely situation in the West Bank and East Jerusalem.
e. Results based on data collected by FAO through the Gallup© World Poll (see Annex 1B for methodology) are provisional and will be revised soon, as the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI) has adapted the FIES module to the national context and is in the process of collecting FIES data through the National Household Survey (Encuesta Nacional de Hogares – ENAHO), covering the year 2025.
f. Most recent input data are from before 2000; interpret with caution.
g. This estimate has been adjusted because the original estimate did not cover the full age range, or the data source was only representative of rural areas.
h. The UNICEF–WHO low birthweight estimates are derived through standard methodology applied to all countries to ensure comparability and are not the official statistics of the Government of India. India’s most recent national official low birthweight prevalence is 18.2 percent from the 2019–2021 National Family Health Survey–5 (NFHS-5), which is used as the basis of the UNICEF–WHO global estimation model to support cross-country comparability.
i. For wasting, the estimates for Australia and New Zealand were derived applying mixed-effect models with subregions as fixed effects.42 Data were available only for Australia, preventing the estimation of confidence intervals. Model selection is based on best fit.
SOURCES: Data for undernourishment and food insecurity are from FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT: Suite of Food Security Indicators. [Accessed on 28 July 2025]. https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS. Licence: CC-BY-4.0; data for stunting, wasting and overweight are based on UNICEF, WHO & World Bank. 2025. UNICEF-WHO-World Bank: Joint child malnutrition estimates - Levels and trends (2025 edition) [Cited 4 April 2025]. https://www.who.int/teams/nutrition-and-food-safety/monitoring-nutritional-status-and-food-safety-and-events/joint-child-malnutrition-estimates/latest-estimates; data for exclusive breastfeeding are based on UNICEF. 2024. Infant and young child feeding. In: UNICEF. [Cited 6 April 2025]. https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/infant-and-young-child-feeding; data for low birthweight are from UNICEF & WHO. 2023. Low birthweight joint estimates 2023 edition. [Cited 12 July 2023]. https://data.unicef.org/topic/nutrition/low-birthweight; www.who.int/teams/nutrition-and-food-safety/monitoring-nutritional-status-and-food-safety-and-events/joint-low-birthweight-estimates; data for anaemia are based on WHO. 2025. WHO global anaemia estimates, 2025 edition. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/topics/anaemia_in_women_and_children; data for adult obesity are based on WHO. 2024. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data repository: Prevalence of obesity among adults, BMI ≥ 30, age-standardized. Estimates by country. [Accessed on 24 July 2024]. https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/indicators/indicator-details/GHO/prevalence-of-obesity-among-adults-bmi-=-30-(age-standardized-estimate)-(-). Licence: CC-BY-4.0.

TABLE A1.3 Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity, and severe food insecurity only, by degree of urbanization in 2024

A table that shows the prevalence of food insecurity (severe and moderate or severe) across different regions, urbanization levels, and income groups.
SOURCE: FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT: Suite of Food Security Indicators. [Accessed on 28 July 2025]. www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS. Licence: CC-BY-4.0.

TABLE A1.4 Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity, and severe food insecurity only, among adult men and women in 2024

A table that shows the prevalence of severe and moderate or severe food insecurity globally and by region, with data for men and women. Africa has the highest rates, while Northern America and Europe have the lowest.
SOURCE: FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT: Suite of Food Security Indicators. [Accessed on 28 July 2025]. www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/FS. Licence: CC-BY-4.0.

TABLE A1.5 Cost of a healthy diet, 2017–2024

A table that shows the cost of a healthy diet (in PPP dollars per person per day) from 2017 to 2024 across global regions, income groups, and African countries. A table that shows fertility rates across various countries and regions in Africa and Asia from 2015 to 2020. A table that shows the Human Development Index (H D I) scores for various countries and regions in Asia and the Middle East from 1990 to 2021. A table that shows the Global Competitiveness Index scores for countries in Latin America, the Caribbean, and selected regions, highlighting trends from 2017 to 2019. A table that shows fertility rates across various countries and regions from Oceania, Northern America, and Europe over multiple years. A table that shows fertility rates across European countries and regions from 2000 to 2020.
NOTES: PPP = purchasing power parity. n.a. = data not available; n.r. = data not reported because of insufficient or unreliable data. FAO, in collaboration with the World Bank, estimates the cost of a healthy diet for 2021 using detailed food price data from the International Comparison Program (ICP), coordinated by the World Bank; values for other years are derived by updating the 2021 estimate using food consumer price indices (CPI) from FAOSTAT and purchasing power parity (PPP) conversion factors from the World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank. FAOSTAT data also show the cost of a healthy diet in local currency units. a PPP was imputed using FAO methods for countries with missing data for three years or more. b PPP for 2023 and 2024 was estimated using the World Bank’s World Development Indicators extrapolation method. * Includes Zimbabwe. ** Includes Argentina.
SOURCE: FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT: Cost and Affordability of a Healthy Diet (CoAHD). [Accessed on 28 July 2025]. www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/CAHD. Licence: CC-BY-40.

TABLE A1.6 Affordability of a healthy diet, 2017–2024

A table that shows data on the proportion and number of people unable to afford a healthy diet globally and by region from 2017 to 2024. A table that shows data on various African countries, showing metrics such as population, economic indicators, and other statistics across multiple years. A table that shows data on various countries and regions, showing trends in specific metrics over time, including values for Asia, Central Asia, Eastern Asia, and South-eastern Asia. A table that shows data on various countries in Asia, showing statistics for different years and categories, including population and economic indicators. A table that shows data on various countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, showing trends in specific metrics over time, with notable figures for Haiti, Jamaica, and Mexico. A table that shows statistical data for various countries in South America and Oceania, including numerical values and abbreviations such as not available (n.a.) and not reported (n.r.). A table that shows statistical data on various regions and countries, with numerical values and not available (n.a.) entries indicating unavailable data. A table that shows statistical data for various European countries, categorized by region, with numerical values across multiple columns.
NOTES: n.a. = data not available; n.r. = data not reported. FAO, in collaboration with the World Bank, estimates the prevalence of unaffordability (PUA) by contrasting country-specific income distributions from the World Bank’s Poverty and Inequality (PIP) platform against a threshold obtained by summing the cost of a healthy diet with the cost of non-basic food needs. The number of people unable to afford a healthy diet (NUA) is then obtained by multiplying the PUA by the total population of each country, based on data from the World Population Prospects. The global NUA estimate is obtained by multiplying the PUA for each of the five world regions by the total population size in each region. Calculating the global NUA estimate as the sum of the NUA estimates of other country groupings, such as those based on income levels, should be avoided. * Includes Zimbabwe. ** Includes Argentina.
SOURCE: FAO. 2025. FAOSTAT: Cost and Affordability of a Healthy Diet (CoAHD). [Accessed on 28 July 2025]. www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/CAHD. Licence: CC-BY-4.0.
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