The standard provides guidelines for the establishment and application of emergency actions and emergency measures in international trade according to the relevant International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) articles and International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs).
Agreement on application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures, 1994. World Trade Organization, Geneva.
Glossary of phytosanitary terms, 2007. ISPM No. 5, FAO, Rome.
Determination of pest status in an area, 1998. ISPM No. 8, FAO. Rome.
Guidelines for the determination and recognition of equivalence of phytosanitary measures, 2005. ISPM No. 24, FAO, Rome.
Guidelines on lists of regulated pests, 2003. ISPM No. 19, FAO, Rome.
Guidelines for the notification of non-compliance and emergency action, 2001. ISPM No. 13, FAO, Rome.
Guidelines for a phytosanitary import regulatory system, 2004. ISPM No. 20, FAO, Rome.
International Plant Protection Convention, 1997. FAO, Rome.
Pest reporting, 2002. ISPM No. 17, FAO, Rome.
Pest risk for quarantine pests, including analysis of environmental risks and living modified organisms, 2004. ISPM No. 11, FAO, Rome.
Phytosanitary principles for the protection of plants and the application of phytosanitary measures in international trade, 2006 ISPM No. 1, FAO, Rome.
Requirements for the establishment of areas of low pest prevalence, 2005. ISPM No. 22, FAO, Rome.
| detention | Keeping a consignment in official custody or confinement, as a phytosanitary measure (see quarantine) [FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; CEPM, 1999; ICPM, 2005] |
| emergency action | A prompt phytosanitary action undertaken in a new or unexpected phytosanitary situation [ICPM, 2001] |
| emergency measure | A phytosanitary measure established as a matter of urgency in a new or unexpected phytosanitary situation. An emergency measure may or may not be a provisional measure [ICPM, 2001; revised ICPM, 2005] |
| Import Permit | Official document authorizing importation of a commodity in accordance with specified phytosanitary import requirements [FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995; ICPM, 2005] |
| intended use | Declared purpose for which plants, plant products, or other regulated articles are imported, produced, or used [ISPM No. 16, 2002] |
| interception | The refusal or controlled entry of an imported |
| (of a consignment) | consignment due to failure to comply with phytosanitary regulations [FAO, 1990; revised FAO, 1995] |
| interception (of a pest) | The detection of a pest during inspection or testing of an imported consignment [FAO, 1990; revised CEPM, 1996] |
| NPPO | National Plant Protection Organization [FAO, 1990; ICPM, 2001] |
| outbreak | A recently detected pest population, including an incursion, or a sudden significant increase of an established pest population in an area [FAO, 1995; revised ICPM, 2003] |
| phytosanitary action | An official operation, such as inspection, testing, surveillance or treatment, undertaken to implement phytosanitary measures [ICPM, 2001: revised ICPM, 2005] |
| phytosanitary measure | Any legislation, regulation or official procedure having the purpose to prevent the introduction and/or spread of quarantine pests, or to limit the economic impact of regulated non-quarantine pests [FAO, 1995; revised IPPC, 1997; ISPM, 2002] |
| point of entry | Airport, seaport or land border point officially designated for the importation of consignments, and/or entrance of passengers [FAO, 1995] |
| provisional measure | A phytosanitary regulation or procedure established without full technical justification owing to current lack of adequate information. A provisional measure is subjected to periodic review and full technical justification as soon as possible [ICPM, 2001] |
| transparency | The principle of making available, at the international level, phytosanitary measures and their rationale [FAO, 1995; revised CEPM, 1999; based on the World Trade Organization Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures] |
The establishment and application of emergency actions and/or measures
(as defined in ISPM No. 5) are based primarily on the IPPC Article VII 6, ISPM Nos. 13 and 20. NPPOs should note the different definitions and requirements for emergency action and emergency measures. Emergency measures may or may not be provisional measures.
In establishing and applying emergency actions and measures NPPO should consider:
