ANNEXES

ANNEX I

Persons met

Dr. S. Basulto, Project Manager, Development of Inland and Inshore Fisheries Project (GCP/MOZ/006/SWE)

Mr. R. Wieme, Fishery Expert (Fish culture), (GCP/MOZ/006/SWE)

Mr. F. Simoes, Chief, Extension and Technology Depart., Instituto de Desenvolvimento Pesqueiro (IDP)

Mr. Loren Swararchuk, Fishery Expert (Mussels), IDP

Mr. Antonio da Silva, Chief, Research Department IDP

Dr. Lilia Brinca, Chief, Shrimp/crustaceans Section, Research Department, IDP

Mrs. Amanda Twohig, Fishery Expert (Aquaculture), IDP

Mrs. Imelda Soza, Chief, Fish Section, Research Department, IDP

Mr. Manhica Andrade, Chief, Repartiçao do Clima

Dr. Carl Mohrerre, Associate Professor, Biology Department, Eduardo Mondlane University

Mr. Sjef Kauffman, Soil Expert, Instituto Nacional de Investigaçao Agronomica (INIA)

Mr. F. Macapugay, Tropical Agronomist, Land and Water Planning Project (MOZ/75/001)

Mr. J.A.B. Pombo dos Santos, IDP

Mr. H. Gonzalves, Biologist, IDP

Mr. A. Cairncross, Direção Nacional de Aguas

Mr. D. Liuzzi, Direção Unidades de Produçao, GZV

Mr. R. First, Direção de Investigação, Centro de Estudios Africanos, Eduardo Mondlane University

Mr. P. G. Ramundo, Direção Departamento Planeamento Aglomerados Humanos

Mr. K. Habermaier, Centro de Estudios Africanos

Mr. J. Crompton, Agronomist, GZV

Mr. J. Hanlon, Journalist

Mr. P. Jenkins, Conselho Executivo da Citade de Maputo

Mr. Mussá Ismael Mussa, Conselho Executivo da Citade de Maputo

Mr. F. Haupt, Programme Officer, FAO Representation, Maputo

Mr. G. Lazarev, Investment Centre, FAO Rome

ANNEX II

ANNEX III

ANNEX IV

PROJECT PROPOSAL

I. TITLE: Pilot Project for the Development of Aquaculture for the Socio-Economic Improvement of Coastal Communities

DURATION: 3 1/2 years

RECIPIENT COUNTRY: The People's Republic of Mozambique

NATIONAL INSTITUTION INVOLVED: The Institute of Fishery Development of the Secretariat of State for Fisheries

DONOR CONTRIBUTION: U.S.$ 761 070

II. BACKGROUND

Brackish water pond culture, utilizing tidal flats and coastal swamps, has been practised for the last three centuries in Asia. Besides augmenting the fish supply, brackish farming in China (Taiwan), Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand and India has generated job opportunities and income, contributing to the economy of these countries. Although the possibility of similar development in Africa has been discussed on several occasions, there have been only very few attempts to test its feasibility under local conditions.

Despite an attempt to convert a coastal lagoon in Bela Vista, Maputo, into a shrimp and fish farm shortly before independence, very little has been done in Mozambique to introduce productive aquaculture. While fish culture is seen as an additional source of fish and is beginning to attract attention from the national agencies involved (a small demonstration and training centre for fresh water fish farming has been established at the outskirts of Maputo under the sponsorship of MONAP¹), the country's estimated 845 000 ha of coastal swamps still awaits exploitation. About 6 000 ha are in the Maputo Bay area alone.

Early in 1981, the UNDP/FAO Aquaculture Development and Coordination Programme (ADCP), acting on favourable response from the Mozambique Government to a project idea it advanced on the development of coastal aquaculture of the country at village level, sent its Socio-Economist to Maputo, to explain the idea in detail and to enquire into the possibility of setting up a pilot fish farm as the initial step in this direction. Late in the same year, a follow-up mission was sent again by ADCP to Maputo to investigate the feasibility of such a venture and to formulate an action plan, if found feasible.

The Mission found the conditions in the coastal areas generally suitable for aquaculture development and identified a site at Costa do Sol close to Maputo suitable for a pilot project. Favourable environmental and climatic conditions, the availability in Maputo of indigenous species tested and successfully cultured in brackish water ponds, as well as basic materials (fertilizers and feeds) required for a low input, semi-intensive type of farming, were factors which the Mission took into consideration in recommending the construction of the pilot farm in Maputo.

¹ Mozambique/Nordic Agricultural Programme

The Government considers the development of coastal aquaculture designed to raise the socio-economic status of the people in the coastal communities, to be of major significance and wishes the involvement of cooperatives in building up the industry. The general Government policy as defined in the 10-year plan presented to the People's Assembly of Mozambique in October 1981, gives first priority to the socialization of the countryside. In this context, cooperatives, besides the Government controlled agro-industries, will become the principal vehicle to achieve planned objectives.

In pursuance of this policy the pilot project will aim at: testing and evolving an appropriate fish culture system, with the involvement of a collective workers' group and then to handing it over to a cooperative formed mainly of this group for continued operation.

III. OBJECTIVES

Specifically, the project will:

1. undertake, on a pilot scale, brackish water culture of finfish and crustaceans, involving a target group of rural people in order to

2. train them to operate, manage and derive income from a fish farm, so as to

3. raise their socio-economic status and to make them self-reliant contributors to the national economy.

IV. A WORK PLAN

The project will be a 14-ha pilot brackish water fish farm where culture of tilapia (Tilapia mossambica), penaeid shrimps (Penaeus indicus and Metapenaeus monoceros) and, on a small scale, swamp crabs (Scylla serrata) will be tried under a low-input management system patterned after those adapted in China (Taiwan), Indonesia, the Philippines and India. The same species are locally available in the Maputo Bay area.

The project will be located in Costa do Sol, about 7 km north of Maputo. The site is suitable from the technical, infrastructural and logistic points of view.

Two semi-rural settlements with a high rate of unemployment are within walking distance of the project site. From among these settlements, the work force necessary for construction activities will be recruited.

The project will be phased as follows:

(i) Construction and development phase (approximately 12 months)

The construction of some 10 ha of ponds (effective water area), auxiliary structure and development of the premises will be done mainly by manual labour and paid for on a wage basis. Equipment and other inputs required at this stage will be provided.

Construction will be directed and closely supervised by a project team (see composition below). Consultants will be hired to assist in solving problems that are anticipated.

Measures to hasten soil stabilization, development and enrichment, will be immediately introduced as ponds are completed so that by the second year conditions will have sufficiently improved to enable fish farming operations. The simultaneous collection of tilapia (breeders or fingerlings, as the season would determine) and stocking them in the ponds undergoing stabilization, will provide for the necessary stock material required during the first year of Production Phase I.

(ii) Production Phase-I (approximately 24 months)

Systematic culture trials follow the construction phase, to run for 2 years. In this period, workers who had previously shown keen interest and capability will be selected to form a pre-cooperative group which will take charge of running the farm. They will be assisted by the project team. They will be made increasingly responsible for procuring inputs, pond management, repair and maintenance, and marketing. For these they will develop a system of collective decision making, division of labour, and equitable scaling of wages based on functions and responsibilities, etc.

The project team, closely supervising their activities, will determine further training and assistance that the members of the collective would need, and make these available. During this period, optimal farm sizes to suit targeted income levels will have been determined.

(iii) Production Phase-II (approximately 6 months)

After the technical feasibility and economic viability have been demonstrated and the collective has gained the necessary experience in farm management to be able to take over complete control with lesser assistance from the project team, the latter will hand over all management responsibilities to the former. A cooperative will be formally created to manage the farm, based on guidelines established by the national agency responsible for development of cooperatives in the Maputo area.

The project team will make recommendations on development of similar cooperative farms along the coast of Mozambique within the nationally defined strategies for integrated rural development, and suggest methods for gradual upgrading of culture practices for increased yields.

IV.B SUPPORTING MATERIAL TO THE WORK PLAN

1. Responsible Agencies

The implementation and administration of the project will, until it is turned over to a Cooperative, be the joint responsibility of two Government agencies, the Instituto das Envolvemento de Pesceros (Institute of Fishery Development), and the Gabinete de Zonas Verdes. The former is a Government office which, under the Secretariat Estada Da Pesca (Secretariat of State for Fisheries) is responsible for small-scale fishery and aquaculture development. The latter is a Government agency responsible for developing aquacultural production units and cooperatives that would produce food in the Greater Maputo area, at the same time creating income and employment for marginal population groups.

The Institute of Fishery Development will be responsible for technical assistance to the project, particularly in such matters as survey and location of fry grounds, procurement of stock, collection and assessment of biological and environmental information relevant to brackish water aquaculture, reporting, etc.

The Gabinete de Zonas Verdes, on the other hand, will be responsible for organizing construction, production and marketing activities. It will also work out segregation and eventual release of new land for fish farm development. It will assist in identifying and motivating the workers, advise on overall administration, accounting, division of labour, and liaise with other institutions and organizations dealing with these aspects, as required.

2. Project Team

During the construction and the first phase of production, a project team will be formed to take direct charge of implementing and administering the work plan. The team will be composed of the following:

1. a technical staff member of the Institute of Fishery Development who will be seconded to the team on a permanent basis.

2. a staff member of the Gabinete de Zonas Verdes assigned full time to the project.

3. two internationally recruited staff, an expert and an associate expert/volunteer, the first to provide technical assistance on aquaculture aspects and the latter on organization and evaluation. The former should be an aquaculturist with considerable training and experience in brackish water aquaculture, the latter a socio-economist well versed in the social and economic aspects of rural development.

4. two representatives from the collective, after it is organized during the Phase I production stage. These will be elected by the members to serve for a term of 1 year, or until the majority decides to change. These members are expected, apart from fulfilling their roles in daily activities, to assist in monitoring of social, technical and economical development. They will act as arbiters in case of conflicts among the members of the collective.

A total of 12 m/m of consultancies are provided to assist the team in engineering, pond management, socio-economics, etc.

3. Priority

The Government shall give high priority to this project to assure that local procurement of supplies, equipment and material needed for construction and operation will be given immediate clearance. This will enable the work plan to proceed according to the time schedule.

4. Training

Apart from on-the-job training extended to the workers and members of the collective during the project's term, funds will be provided to finance the participation of one staff member of the Instituto das Envolvemento de Pesceros in a one-year post-graduate training course in aquaculture in one of the UNDP/FAO Regional Aquaculture Centres.

5. Reporting

The project team will report on a six-monthly basis to the Government agencies in charge, to FAO and to the donor. At the end of production phase-I, a terminal report will be prepared according to guidelines laid down in the FAO Field Programme Reporting Manual, Part 1 (Terminal Reporting). The project team will be assisted in this task by a consultant.

V. ESTIMATED COST