3. Workshop results.

Results of evaluation and planning exercises hold during the Majgaon workshop are presented in a table format in the following pages. To prepare these tables, accurate translations of Nepali original workshop flip-charts have been done by the authors of this report. Further treatment of this information, aimed at making the tables as self-explanatory as possible, included:

* preparation of a comprehensive list of on-going changes in community living conditions and natural resource management, based on single activity-based maps prepared by the four working groups (see Table 2);

* rephrasing of some SWO analysis and participatory planning matrix statements aimed at making clearer their English meaning;

* addition, whenever needed, of footnotes providing the contextual information necessary to better convey the ideas expressed by participants;

* re-sequencing of activities included in user-group plans, aimed at highlighting the links existing in some cases among different proposed initiatives.

Table 2 - Changes related to project activities as identified by User Groups members during the participatory impact mapping exercise.

User Group	Activity	Actual or expected (*) perceived changes	Number of affected households
		- easier access to fuelwood;
Gairivan Community Forest UG	Forest management	- better managed forest*;
		- development of cooperative feelings among forest user group members;	63
		- increase in UG funds*
		- increase in milk production*;
		- utilisation of wasteland;
Nabajagaran Development UG	Distribution and plantation of forest, fodder and grass seeds and seedlings	- concern for tree planting spread within the community.	10
		Participants note: short term benefits have been acquired from grass species, but tree species can not give any benefit in a short time.
		- awareness built up of the importance of women self-organisation;
Pragati Women UG	Compost making and vegetable gardening	- time saved (this is becausemanure is available on the spot);	26
		- supply of healthy and fresh vegetables*;
		- income generation and increase in UG
		savings;
		- increase in vegetable production*.
		- supply of clean water;
		- decrease of diarhhoeal diseases;
		- saving of time;
Simpani Water Source UG	Water source protection	- identification of a way to share the work according to the benefits which will be taken from the activity;	10
		- increase in the quantity of water in the
		source;
		- use of waste water for livestock
		watering and irrigation.

Table 3.a - Example of impacts map of Majghaon Community Action Plan, as prepared by workshop team during initial training.

Table 3.b. - Example of impacts map as prepared by Gairiban Forest User Group during the workshop.

Table 4 - Simpani Water Source Protection SWO analysis (Simpani Water Committe)

Strengths	Weaknesses	Opportunities
All the water committee members have understood that water supply is a problem which can be solved.	No arrangement for future maintenance were made.	Water charges could be collected to finance maintenance.
Work properly shared among water committee members.	No regular meetings are hold among water committee members	Conduct regular meetings.
Required material were made available on time.	Due to conflicts waste water is not utilised so far (for irrigation)
Arrangement of contributions was made in such a way that those who benefit more will contribute more (and those who benefit less will contribute less).		(Irrigation of) vegetable gardening is possible by making use of the waste water.
	Due to lack of technical knowledge, the cover of the tank is too big (heavy; it is difficult clean and control).	Construction of a separate place for livestock drinking water.
Most users were of good understanding (cooperative).	More agricultural land taken than expected.	By settling the conflicts, water can be made accessible for more people.
Enough supply of water.	Leaking problem in in-take.
Three persons can get water at a time; this contributes to time saving.

Table 5 - Compost making and vegetable gardening SWO analysis (Pragati Women User Group)

Strengths	Weaknesses	Opportunities
Easy to assemble people. Easy to arrange needed materials.	One of the two groups involved in the activity (Sabodaya WUG) has not access to irrigation water.	The water for irrigation can be made available through protection of other water sources nearer to the vegetable gardens.
Improved use of straw (1).	Lack of market for selling vegetables.
Soil quality (productivity) increased.	Fair prices may not be paid for vegetable (2).
Compost availability of the spot decreases time needed to prepare and manure field.		Make agreement with hotels and restaurants to sell in advance (secure a market for) our vegetable production.
Increased vegetable production and income will be achieved in the future.
Employment opportunities for women will also be made available.

Notes: 1) Group stressed that straw is better used for compost making than for animal feeding (as customary); 2) Group refers to what happes when production was sold to PUCD project Base Camp kitchen.

Table 6 - Forest Handover SWO Analysis (Gairivan Community Forest User Group)

Strengths	Weaknesses	Opportunities
Forest protection responsibility have been taken on rotation by all the households belonging to the Forest User Group.	Abusive grazing was not sufficiently controlled.	Better control over abusive grazing in areas of recent plantation should be established.
Timber and fuelwood needed by Forest User Group households were partially supplied by the forest.	Forest management is not made according to agreements established through the Forest Group constitution (members are not contributing as they committed to planting, pruning, etc.).	The new constitution should be registered and people should commit to work accordingly.
No further encroachment in the forest took place.	The group is still not able to tap all the potential of the forest.	Plantations in waste lands should be extended.
Control of soil erosion and improvement in environment have been achieved	Current production is not enough to meet the requirements of all Forest User Group households.	Fodder, fuelwood and trees planting in private lands should be promoted.
Management of Gairy forest has been an example for others community forests group (such as Khepuwa and Chandregairo)
Forest User Group funds have increased.

Table 7 - Fruit and fodder trees and plants saplings distribution SWO analysis (Navajgaran User Group)

Strengths	Weaknesses	Opportunities
Seeds and sapling were made easily and timely available.	People were not able to pay the User Group in time for fruits saplings.	To get technical know-how through extension and training.
Transportation cost was borne by the project.	Lack of technical know-how.	Seedlings and saplings to be distributed should be selected according to farmers preferences.
Proper utilisation of the land.	Seedlings and sapling were not made available according to the preferences of the farmers.
Fodder trees, sissies and other species are growing well.	Not received any training, nor enough extension.
	Some of the fruit saplings died.
User Group funds increase because of sapling selling to individual farmers.
Control of soil erosion and improvement in community environment	Farmer negligence in bringing-up saplings and seedlings was observed.
Good source of income in the future.
Proper use of the waste land.
It makes easier livestock raising.
Increase in manure material availability.
Time will be saved, because fodder will be available on farm.
Increased milk production.

Table 8 - Adwabari User Group 1997 Action Plan

Activities	Expected changes or benefits	N of beneficiary households	User group inputs	Support needed from outsiders	Outsider organisation	Tentative implementation schedule	Persons responsible for start-up
							Govinda Basel
Trail improvement (Subadri Chautara to Mil).	It will be easier to walk	54	Collection and transport of stone	Baskets, tools and materials.	PUCD project		Pabitra Nepali
						December 1996 -February 1997	Ramgi Pokherel
							Sitaram Adikari.
Adult literacy classes	Participants will be enabled to read and write	20	Selection of participants	Salary of teacher.	PUCD project	Starting from December 1996.	Pabitra Nepali
				Books and stationeries.			Sitaram Adikari.

Table 9 - Gairiban Community Forest User Group 1997 Action Plan

Activities	Expected changes or benefits	N of beneficiary households	User group inputs	Support needed from outsiders	Outsider organisation	Tentative implementation schedule	Persons responsible for start-up
			Prepare constitution for discussion		PUCD project
Prepare and register Forest User Group constitution	Forest protection work will be supported by the law	63	Register constitution in District Forest Office	Technical advice from rangers (as needed)	District Forest Office	November 1996	Executive members of the User Group.
	Forest will be under the control of the User Group.		Action plan (to be prepared immediately after registration of the constitution)		PUCD project	All over the year (to be continued for the next 5 years)	All the members of the user group, particularly Executive Committee members
Forest hand-over	Forest will be better managed, and protected	63	Implement as per management plan	Technical advice	District Forest Office
Re-afforestation and tree planting in private land	Additional supply of fuelwood and fodder	63	Plantation and protection of the saplings	Making saplings and seedlings available	PUCD project		All the members of the user group.
				Technical support	District Forest Office	March - June 1997
					PUCD project		UG Executive Committe
Training in plantation, cultivation and rules and regulation for forest management	Improved knowledge of technical and legal aspects of forest management.	63	Selection of trainees.	Organisation and provision of training	District Forest Office	????

Table 10 - Nabajagaran User Group (1) 1997 Action Plan

Activities	Expected changes or benefits	N of beneficiary households	User group inputs	Support needed from outsiders	Outsider organisation	Tentative implementation schedule	Persons responsible for start-up
	It will be easier to walk		Provision of stones
	Time saved	18	Transport of materials	As per PUCD project rules	PUCD project	January-February 1997	Goma Baniya
Trail improvement (Koldando to Thantidando)	Control of soil erosion		Digging
Trail improvement (4-500 mt.s from Dharapani to Rumti) (2)	as above	15	as above	as above	as above	December 1996 -June 1997	Tulsi Pokherel Keshab Sharma, Bhurvan Katel Nanda Pokherel.
			Selection of participants	Salary of teachers
Women literacy class in Thati Danda	Women will be able to read and write	18	Arrangement of the classroom	Books and stationaries	PUCD project	Starting in December 1996	Goma Baniya
Women literacy class in Majgaon	Women will be able to read and write	20	as above	as above	PUCD project	Starting in December 1996	Rishi Katel
			Saplings purchase	Sapling made available
Fruit sapling distribution, including training	Supply of food and fodder, control of soil erosion,.	63	Selection of trainees	Training.	PUCD project	June - July 1997	User Group Committee.

Notes: 1) This is award-level user group; 2) This activity will be carried out in collaboration Pragati Group (see Table 11).

Table 11 - Pragati Women Group 1997 Action Plan

Activities	Expected changes or benefits	N of beneficiary households	User group inputs	Support needed from outsiders	Outsider organisation	Tentative implementation schedule	Persons responsible for start-up
10 goats raising (including training)	Increased income	26	Kid purchase and raising	Transport of kids	PUCD project	January 1997(start)	Bindra Katel Sorswoti
	Manure availability
	Meat production.		Selection of trainees	Provision of training	District Livestock Office.		Laxmi Katel.
Fodder seedling distribution (1).	More fodder for livestock
	Time saving	26	Saplings and seedling purchase	Make seedlings available	PUCD project	June - July 1997	Laxmi
	Utilisation of waste land		Distribution of seedlings and saplings among group members				Bindra
	Control of soil erosion						Mira.
	Increased supply of fuel wood
Fruit sapling distribution, including training (2)	Increased income	26	Saplings purchase	Transport costs.	PUCD project	June-July 1997	Sorswoti
	Improvement in health (nutrition)		Selection of trainees	Technical assistance	District Agricultural Office		Laxmi
	Improved use of land			Training
Trail improvement (+/- 400 - 500 mts from Dharapani - to Rumdiphedi) (3)	It will be easier to walk		Provision of stones				Laxmi
	Time saving	90	Transport of materials	Skilled labour	PUCD project	January - March 1997	Sorswoti
	Control of soil erosion.		Digging				Bindhra.
	Acces to safe water	6	Provision of stone and sand	Cement			Nanda Prasad
Banspani water source protection.	Time saving.		Perform digging and re-filling work	Pipes and tap sets.	PUCD project	January - February 1997	Gowinda Mina
				Skilled labour.			Laxmi.
Dhadmang Padhero Water source protection	Acces to safe water	6	Provision of stone and sand	Cement			Laxmi
	Time saving.		Perform digging and re-filling work	Pipes and tap sets	PUCD project	January - March 1997	Siroda Nepali.
				Skilled labour.

Notes: 1) Seeds necessary to plant about 2,000 plants of tanki, nimaro, paspate, pakuri, badahar, sissoo, bakaino, and kutmiro, are requested; 2) Species requested are mango, lichy, betel nut, lemon, guaba and banana.

Note: 3) This activity will be carried out in collaboration with Nabajgaran (ward-level) User Group (see Table 10).

Table 12 · Sabodaya Women Group Action Plan for 1997

Activities	Expected changes or benefits	N of beneficiary households	User group inputs	Support needed from outsiders	Outsider organisation	Tentative implementation schedule	Persons responsible for start-up
	Acces to safe water.				PUCD project		Mina Mishra
Majhuwa Kuwa source protection.	Irrigation for vegetable gardening.	10	Provision of stone and sand.		Village Development Committee	November 1996 -January 1997	Cita Missra
	Availability of water for livestock		Perform digging and re-filling work.		District Drinking Water Office.		Bissnu Katel.
			Supply of seeds.	Pipe for irrigation			Bissnu Katel,
						December 1996 -March 1997	Shrimaya Gurung
		13	Perform cultivation.	Training	PUCD project		Dil Kumari Pokhrel
Vegetables gardening	Increase in user group funds.						Sabitri Pokhrel.
Rumti Kuwa source protection.			Provision of stone and sand	Cement.			Dil Kumari Pokhrel
				Pipes and tap sets	PUCD project
	Acces to safe water	3	Perform digging and re-filling work	Skilled labour.		December 1996 -March 1997	Pabitra Pokhrel.