7. TABLES AND FIGURES

Table 1. Annual growth rates of China's economy, 1970-98 (%)

	Pre-reform	Reform period
	1970-78	1979-84	1985-95	1996-98
Gross domestic products	4.90	8.50	9.70	8.70
Agriculture	2.70	7.10	4.00	4.00
Industry	6.80	8.20	12.80	10.70
Service	na	11.60	9.70	7.90
Population	1.80	1.40	1.37	1.00
Per caput GDP	3.10	7.10	8.30	7.70
Per caput real net income in rural areas	0.60	19.10	3.20	7.10

NOTE: Figure for GDP in 1970-78 is the growth rate of national income in real terms. Growth rates are computed using regression method. GDP and per caput consumption growth rates refer to the value in real terms.

SOURCE: China Statistics Yearbook, various issues.

			1970	1980	1985	1990	1995	1998
Share in GDP
	Agriculture		40	30	28	27	20	18
	Industry		46	49	43	42	49	49
	Services		13	21	29	31	31	33
Share in Agricultural Output
	Farming (crop)		82	76	69	65	58	56
	Forestry		2	4	5	4	4	3
	Livestock		14	18	22	26	30	31
	Fishery		2	2	4	5	8	10
Share in Employment
	Agriculture		81	69	62	60	52	50
	Industry		10	18	21	21	23	23
	Services		9	13	17	19	25	27
Share in Export
	Primary Products		na	50	51	26	14	11
		Foods	na	17	14	11	7	6
Share in Import
	Primary Products		na	35	13	19	18	16
		Foods	na	15	4	6	5	3
Share of Rural Population			83	81	76	72	71	70

SOURCE: China Statistics Yearbook, various issues; China Rural Statistics Yearbook, various issues.

	1980	1985	1990	1995	1997
Farming	75.6	69.2	64.6	58.4	56.4
Forestry	4.3	5.2	4.3	3.5	3.3
Livestock	18.4	22.1	25.7	29.7	31
Fishery	1.7	3.5	5.4	8.4	9.3
Total	100	100	100	100	100

SOURCE: China Statistics Yearbook, various issues.

			Pre-reform	Reform Period
			1970-78	1979-84	1985-95	1996-97
Agricultural output value			2.3	7.5	5.6	7.4
Crop			2	7.1	3.8	6.2
Forestry			6.2	8.8	3.9	4.5
Livestock			3.3	9.0	9.1	7.9
Fishery			5.0	7.9	13.7	12.7
	Captured		4.4	4.0	10.3	9.9
	Cultured		5.7	12.5	13.6	8.5
		- Marine	10.2	4.0	17.4	3.5
		- Freshwater	3.7	15.8	12.2	11.8

NOTE: Growth rates are computed using regression method. Sectoral growth rates refer to output value in real terms using general price indices for all retailed commodities as deflator, and growth rates of the components of fishery are based on production data. The higher growth rate of fishery real output value than its components (measured in production) in 1996-97 may be due to changing structure of aquatic products in favour of high quality and high value products during the period.

SOURCE: China Statistics Yearbook, various issues; China Agriculture Yearbook, various issues.

Year	Total aquatic production	Marine			Freshwater
		Total	Captured	Cultured	Total	Captured	Cultured
1970	3 180	2 280	2 100	180	900	320	580
1980	4 497	3 257	2 813	444	1 240	340	900
1990	12 370	7 133	5 509	1 624	5 237	783	4 454
1995	25 172	14 391	10 268	4 123	10 781	1 372	9 409
1997	36 018	21 764	13 853	7 911	14 254	1 886	12 368

SOURCE: China Agriculture Yearbook, various issues.

Year	Yield (kg/ha)			Yield index (1981=100)
	Total	Marine	Freshwater	Total	Marine	Freshwater
1981	489	3 336	344	100	100	100
1985	780	2 581	645	160	77	188
1990	1 425	3 786	1 163	291	113	338
1995	2 630	8 640	2 015	538	259	586
1997	3 634	8 550	2 389	743	256	694

NOTE: Areas reported exclude fish culture in rice fields.

SOURCE: China Agriculture Yearbook, various issues.

Year	General retail	Urban consumer	Aquatic procurement	Aquatic retail
1978	100	100	100	100
1980	108	110	120	-
1985	128	134	210	233
1986	136	144	231	260
1987	146	156	284	305
1988	173	189	382	396
1989	203	219	381	465
1990	208	222	376	461
1991	214	233	394	468
1992	225	253	426	494
1993	255	292	520	574
1994	310	368	635	693
1995	356	430	714	791
1996	378	467	739	836
1997	381	482	672	846

SOURCE: China Statistics Yearbook, various issues.

Year	Area ('000 ha)			Area share (%)
	Total	Marine	Freshwater	Marine	Freshwater
1981	3 019	139	2 880	5	95
1985	3 964	277	3 687	7	93
1990	4 264	429	3 835	10	90
1995	5 146	477	4 669	9	91
1997	5 580	625	4 955	11	89

NOTE: Areas reported exclude fish culture in rice fields.

SOURCE: China Agriculture Yearbook, various issues.

Year	Aquatic products	Captured	Cultured
	(%)	(%)	(%)
1950	100	92.3	7.7
1960	100	79.6	20.4
1970	100	76.1	23.9
1980	100	70.1	29.9
1985	100	56.2	43.8
1990	100	50.9	49.1
1995	100	46.2	53.8
1997	100	43.7	56.3

SOURCE: China Agriculture Yearbook, various issues.

Region		1985	1990	1995	1997
National		100	100	100	100
	North	2	4	4	4
	Northeast	4	5	5	5
	Northwest	0.5	1	1	1
	East	36	38	41	42
	Central	28	26	24	24
	South	24	21	20	20
	Southwest	6	6	5	5

SOURCE: China Agriculture Yearbook, various issues.

	Individual households specialized in aquaculture		Aquaculture farming by state and collectives
	Intensive	Extensive	Intensive	Extensive
1992	1.8	28.4	40.1	32.9
1994	1.8	27.6	22.9	-
1995	1.9	4.6	3.9	18.1
1996	0.8	2.2	77.9	14.4
1997	2.3	-	42.9	-

SOURCE: State Economic Planning Commission, the Collection of National Agricultural Products Cost and Revenue Information, various issues.

Year	National	Urban	Rural
1981	2.49	7.26	1.28
1982	2.66	7.67	1.32
1983	3.00	8.10	1.59
1984	3.13	7.80	1.74
1985	2.93	7.08	1.64
1986	3.41	8.16	1.87
1987	3.46	7.88	1.96
1988	2.64	7.07	1.10
1989	3.54	7.61	2.10
1990	3.60	7.69	2.13
1991	3.74	8.02	2.21
1992	3.89	8.19	2.25
1993	4.24	8.02	2.76
1994	4.55	8.53	2.96
1995	5.10	9.20	3.36
1996	5.31	9.25	3.68
1997	5.41	9.30	3.75

NOTE: Consumption data presented here are based on national household consumption and expenditure surveys and probably underestimate actual consumption, as consumption away from home is excluded in the surveys.

SOURCE: SSB, rural and urban household consumption and expenditure survey, unpublished.

Year	Average	Income groups (from low to high)
		Lowest 10%	Second 10%	Second quintile	Third quintile	Fourth quintile	Ninth 10%	Top 10%
1985	7.08	5.76	6.74	7.20	7.81	8.77	9.12	10.99
1986	8.16	5.04	6.12	6.60	7.08	8.04	8.64	10.20
1987	7.88	5.93	6.68	7.26	7.92	8.52	9.31	10.69
1988	7.07	5.07	5.95	6.47	6.98	7.95	8.44	9.77
1989	7.61	5.54	6.47	6.84	7.71	8.44	9.20	10.29
1990	7.69	5.63	6.09	6.78	7.45	7.92	8.81	9.88
1991	8.02	6.08	6.76	7.15	7.84	8.13	8.94	10.00
1992*	4.44	3.30	3.71	4.07	4.49	4.78	5.42	6.00
1993*	4.23	3.10	3.61	3.89	4.23	4.74	5.08	5.43
1994*	4.48	3.19	3.72	4.16	4.57	4.87	5.18	6.06
1995*	4.73	3.37	3.91	4.63	4.77	5.10	5.44	6.12
1996*	4.77	3.60	4.13	4.49	4.82	5.23	5.36	5.96

NOTE: * Consumption data before 1992 include all fishery products. After 1992, only fish and shrimp are included. Both are underestimates of actual consumption due to unavailable data for consumption away from home.

SOURCE: China Statistical Yearbook, various issues.

	Total	Grain	Meat	Fish	Other
Rural	63.3	49.5	5.9	1.4	6.5
Urban	64.4	32.5	12.7	2.1	17.1
Rural	100	78.2	9.4	2.2	10.3
Urban	100	50.5	19.7	3.3	26.5

SOURCE: Computed by authors based on the national household consumption and expenditure survey data provided by State Statistical Bureau.

Year	Total	Black carp	Grass carp	Silver carp	Common carp	Crucian carp	Fresh bream	Fresh crabs	Water abalone	Sea cucumber	Marine pearl
1990	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	na	100.0	100.0	100.0
1991	103.7	95.2	102.2	99.2	113.8	103.5	174.5	na	149.3	1180.0	118.6
1992	115.4	145.2	117.8	113.2	118.8	116.2	112.8	na	179.5	294.9	174.8
1993	121.4	126.7	118.9	117.2	126.3	114.6	183.8	na	173.4	862.1	134.5
1994	121.8	156.7	122.2	117.9	126.5	132.1	178.7	211.4	104.6	377.8	149.2
1995	119.1	99.7	115.7	116.3	124.0	138.6	132.9	186.4	154.4	180.6	145.5
1996	116.8	115.9	116.3	113.1	113.8	129.3	150.9	183.5	138.7	265.4	93.1
1997	112.5	115.7	109.3	109.6	110.7	124.4	160.7	138.9	167.8	125.6	95.8
1998	106.9	111.0	106.7	102.0	109.5	120.2	122.4	139.2	184.2	131.1	129.7
1999	107.6	113.5	109.1	101.5	106.4	119.7	139.5	124.0	137.5	39.5	105.0

Table 16. Per caput aquaculture production by species (kg)

Year	Total	Black carp	Grass carp	Silver carp	Common carp	Crucian carp	Fresh bream	Fresh crabs	Water abalone	Sea cucumber	Marine pearl
1990	3.90	0.03	0.89	1.80	0.46	0.19	0.00	na	0.00010	0.00000	0.00000
1991	3.99	0.03	0.90	1.76	0.51	0.19	0.01	na	0.00015	0.00000	0.00000
1992	4.56	0.04	1.05	1.97	0.60	0.22	0.01	na	0.00027	0.00000	0.00001
1993	5.47	0.06	1.24	2.29	0.75	0.25	0.01	0.00	0.00046	0.00004	0.00001
1994	6.59	0.09	1.49	2.66	0.94	0.32	0.03	0.01	0.00047	0.00014	0.00002
1995	7.77	0.08	1.71	3.07	1.15	0.44	0.03	0.01	0.00073	0.00025	0.00002
1996	8.98	0.10	1.97	3.43	1.30	0.56	0.05	0.03	0.00100	0.00067	0.00002
1997	10.00	0.11	2.13	3.73	1.42	0.69	0.08	0.04	0.00165	0.00083	0.00002
1998	10.59	0.12	2.25	3.77	1.54	0.83	0.10	0.05	0.00302	0.00107	0.00003

Table 17. Fishery imports and exports, 1982-1997

Year	Export		Import
	Volume ('000 t)	Value (million US$)	Volume ('000 t)	Value (million US$)
1982	103	313.1*	-	57.9
1983	105	280.7*	-	38.8
1984	124	305.2	-	81.2
1985	120	274.7	-	91.7
1986	167	478.3	-	78.5
1987	218	702.6	-	103.6
1988	264	933.1	-	210.4
1989	294	991.6	-	182.3
1990	358	1 316.1	-	95.0
1991	378	1 181.2	-	268.7
1992	440	1 363.8	-	371.7
1993	460	1 251.5	-	-
1994	570	1 815.5	-	-
1995	610	2 087.3	-	-
1996	640	1 733.6	-	597.5
1997	720	1 881.1	-	543.7

SOURCE: Data with “*” are from China Foreign Trade and Economic Yearbook. Others from China Statistical Yearbook. - = no data available.

Figure 1: Aquaculture marketing channels in China, 1997

Figure 2: Retail Price-Iced Hairtail

Figure 3: Retail Price-Silver Carp

Figure 4: Retail Price-Common Carp

Figure 5: Retail Price-Crucian Carp