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DocumentAgency, Education and Networks: Gender and International Migration from Albania 2008
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No results found.Our paper examines the causes and dynamics of the shift in the gender composition of migration, and more particularly, in the access of women to migration opportunities and decision making. We do this in the context of Albania, a natural laboratory for studying migration developments given that out-migration was practically eliminated from the end of WWII to the end of the 1980s. We use micro-level data from the Albania 2005 LSMS including migration histories for family members since migration b egan. Our analysis, based on discrete-time hazard models, shows an impressive expansion of female participation in international migration. Female migration, which we find to be strongly associated with education, wealth, and social capital, appears responsive to economic incentives and constraints. Yet, using unique data on the dependency of female migration to the household demographic structure as well as the sensitivity of female migration to household-level shocks, we show that it is the ho useholds themselves that are the decision-making agents behind this economic calculus and there is little to suggest that increased female migration signals the emergence of female agency. -
Book (stand-alone)Report of the Workshops to present the initial research findings from a nation-wide survey and analysis on social protection and poverty dimensions in support of rural development and poverty reduction in Myanmar, Nay Pyi Taw and Yangoon, Myanmar, 29–30 September 2015 2016
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No results found.The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is exploring evidence of the linkages between poverty, social protection and natural resource management with a view to implementing programmes to empower rural communities in the transition to sustainable natural resource management and poverty reduction. In Myanmar, it commissioned analyses of social protection needs and opportunities in the context of rural development and poverty reduction with a view to enhancing understanding of t he role of social protection in the transition to sustainable natural resource management and poverty reduction, with a focus on fishing communities. The analyses were conducted in collaboration with the Myanmar Department of Rural Development. The initial findings, which were discussed with state and non-state actors on 29 and 30 September 2015 in Nay Pyi Taw and Yangon, Myanmar, highlight the need for significant expansion of social protection services as a key component of rural development a nd for urgent interventions for households in fishing communities. Further research and methodological analysis are needed to verify the initial findings and inform rural development and poverty reduction programmes. -
Book (series)Economic development and the evolution of internal migration. Moving in steps, returnees, and gender differences 2019
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No results found.This paper sheds new light on internal migration processes by estimating migration flows for 31 countries, focusing on step migration and on return migration back to rural areas from urban areas. The approach is to estimate the shares of the population (by gender) that move or stay in rural and urban areas over three periods (childhood and two forward periods). Using data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), the estimation was done with an information-theoretic procedure using maximum-entropy econometrics to estimate migration frequencies by population groups. Sizeable urban to rural migration flows are found, with rural returnees often contributing substantially to urban-to-rural flows. This phenomenon is more pronounced in countries in relatively early phases of development, and among male migrants. The analysis also confirms anecdotal evidence that migrants move in several steps and that internal migration patterns vary considerably according to gender; however, in countries that are further along the path of structural transformation, and particularly urbanization, the magnitude of migration flows appears to be similar across genders.
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