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Demand and supply of feed ingredients for farmed fish and crustaceans: trends and prospects











Tacon, A.G.J.; Hasan, M.R.; Metian, M. Demand and supply of feed ingredients for farmed fish and crustaceans: trends and prospects. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Paper No. 564. FAO, 2011. 87 pp.


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    Promote responsible production and use of feed and feed ingredients for sustainable growth of aquaculture in Asia-Pacific. Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission Thirty-fifth session (APFIC)
    Cebu, the Philippines, 11-13 May 2018
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    Aquaculture has been one of the fastest growing food production sectors in the past three decades globally. The annual growth rate was at an average of 8 percent from 1984 to 2014. As the major contributor to the world aquaculture production, Asia achieved an average annual growth of 8.4 percent in the same period, and the production reached 92.8 tonnes in 2014, accounting for 91.7 percent. Currently, Asian aquaculture supplies some 60 percent of food fish for consumption while contributing significantly to rural livelihood. The rapid production growth has been largely attributed to intensification of production with increasing dependence on artificial feeding. Finfish and crustacean are two major groups of cultured aquatic animals that require artificial feeding, in the forms of commercial feeds, farm-made feeds, and fresh feeds. Their global production reached 56.8 million tonnes in 2014, including some 6.92 million tonnes of crustacean and 49.9 million tonnes of finfish. With silver carp, catla and bighead (filter feeder on plankton) excluded, it was estimated that 38.8 million tonnes of finfish out of the total 49.9 million tonnes were produced through entire or partial feeding based on the feeding habit and common culture practices. Therefore, aquaculture commodities produced through partial or complete feeding accounted for 45.2 percent globally in 2014, while it was only 42.5 percent 10 years ago. The total production of aquaculture species depending on artificial feeding has increased by 97.9 percent in the past 10 years.
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    Feed ingredients and fertilizers for aquatic animals: sources and composition 2009
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    The present technical paper presents an up-to-date overview of the major feed ingredient sources and feed additives commonly used within industrially compounded aquafeeds, including feed ingredient sources commonly used within farm-made aquafeeds, and major fertilizers and manures used in aquaculture for live food production. Information is provided concerning the proximate and essential amino acid composition of common feed ingredient sources, as well as recommended quality criteria and relativ e nutritional merits and limitations, together with a bibliography of published feeding studies for major feed ingredient sources by cultured species. The main body of the document deals with the nutritional composition and usage of major feed ingredient sources in compound aquafeeds, as well as the use of fertilizers and manures in aquaculture operations. Major feed ingredient and fertilizer groupings discussed include: animal protein sources, plant protein sources, single cell protein sources, lipid sources, other plant ingredients, feed additives, and fertilizers and manures. The concluding section of the document undertakes a comparative analysis of the essential amino acid profiles of the major reported feed ingredient sources for cultured finfish and crustaceans, and presents average reported dietary inclusion levels of major feed ingredient sources used within practical feeds, including their major attributes and limitations. Finally, the importance of feed safety, traceability, and use of good feed manufacturing practices is stressed, together with the importance of considering the long term sustainability of feed ingredient supplies.
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    World Aquaculture 2020 – A brief overview 2022
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    This document provides a synthesis of six regional aquaculture reviews: Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, Near East and North Africa, North America and sub-Saharan Africa. Global aquaculture production, including aquatic plants, in 2018 was 114.5 million tonnes, with an estimated value of USD 263 billion. The Asia-Pacific region continued to be the major producer. Globally, aquaculture provides over 50 percent of fish for human consumption. In 2018, aquaculturists were reported to farm about 622 species or species items including 387 finfishes, 111 molluscs, 64 crustaceans, seven frogs and reptiles, ten miscellaneous aquatic invertebrates and 43 aquatic plants. From 2000-2018, aquaculture production in freshwater, brackish water and marine water increased at a compound annual growth rate of 5.7 percent, 7.7 percent and 5.2 percent respectively while total aquaculture production grew at an annual growth rate of 5.6 percent. Global food supply and per capita consumption of fish and fish products continued to increase faster than human population growth. Aquaculture is striving to innovate in order to increase production and sustainability. Progress in biosecurity and fish health management, feed formulation and utilization, and genetic resource management are showing good, but uneven progress. The aquaculture sector faces challenges including competition for land and water resources, as well as external factors such as climate change, conflict, economic uncertainties and most recently the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic and other stresses such as droughts and tsunamis, revealed that the aquaculture industry has not engaged sufficiently in disaster preparedness. International and national mechanisms are being put in place to increase the sustainability, good governance and social license of the sector to address these challenges. The diversity of the sector, the opportunities for good jobs and commitments by governments to good governance will help the sector meet these challenges.

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