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ArticleAssessing bait acceptance of local dogs, oral rabies vaccination success and human contact risk in Bali, Indonesia 2023
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No results found.The objective of this study was to identify the preferred bait of local dogs in Bali and estimate oral rabies vaccination (ORV) success in locations with varying geographic and demographic conditions. In addition, an evaluation of potential direct and indirect contact with the placebo sachet contents was conducted. The study was a randomized controlled trial conducted in two pilot areas of Bali using imported and hand-made baits. All dogs were offered a single bait containing a sachet of blue-dyed water using the “hand-out and retrieve” technique. Several methods were used to determine the likelihood of contact with the placebo vaccine. Comparing ORV with capture-vaccinate-release (CVR) methods, field officers were given Google Forms questions to answer. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate contingency table testing, followed by the development of a multiple logistic regression (MLR) model. With 96.9% acceptance, intestine was the most popular bait for local dogs in Bali, and egg bait came in second (81.1%). However, the egg bait was 95.2% effective in releasing the vaccine in the oral cavity, followed by the intestine at 82.6%. 6.1% of surveyed households had direct contact with a dog that had recently consumed a vaccine bait. A survey among field officers also indicated that they preferred ORV over CVR, as the former is more suitable for vaccinating inaccessible dogs and less stressful for the teams and the animals. In Bali, both a locally-made intestine bait and an industrially-produced egg-flavored bait were readily taken up by local dogs. There is a small risk that people can come into contact with dogs previously offered a bait; hence, only vaccines with a high safety profile should be used. ORV can replace the currently used CVR method for vaccinating free-roaming dogs as a complementary tool to increase vaccination coverage. -
DocumentStrengthening Rabies Eradication in Bali, Indonesia - TCP INS 3504 2018
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No results found.Rabies poses a serious threat to animal and human health and people’s livelihoods in many parts of Asia. Following a serious rabies outbreak in 2010, the Government of Indonesia began a widespread campaign to control the spread of the virus in Bali. In 2014, human and animal rabies cases began to rapidly increase again and this project aimed to support government efforts for mass dog vaccinations and to pilot a comprehensive dog population management strategy. The objective was to develop the technical capacity for effective rabies control and to help bring the rabies eradication campaign back on track. -
Book (stand-alone)Oral vaccination of dogs against rabies
Recommendations for field application and integration into dog rabies control programmes
2023Also available in:
No results found.This technical report replaces or supersedes issue-related contents in previous WHO foundational documents on oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of dogs. In contrast to the 2007 WHO recommendations, this report will shift focus from the development of suitable vaccines and baits for dogs towards providing guidance for practical implementation of ORV as a tool integrated into national strategies to control rabies in dog populations. This report therefore mainly addresses basic regulatory considerations for licensing and selection of appropriate oral vaccine candidates, logistics, distribution strategies in the field, communication, activities to be implemented in relation to ORV campaigns, and monitoring of campaigns. It should be emphasized that it is impossible to establish a universally valid and applicable blueprint for the integration of ORV into national strategies for the control of canine rabies. This is not least due to country-specific circumstances, including sociocultural aspects, epidemiological situations, local dog population structures, funding, and available resources. Therefore, countries should use this guiding document to find their own strategic and practical approach.
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