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ProjectGreen Agriculture Development in Hainan Based on the Livestock-Biogas-Crop Circular Model - TCP/CPR/3703 2022
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No results found.The rapid development of a large scale and intensive farming industry in Hainan has led to a sharp increase in livestock and poultry manure, which poses a significant challenge to both the ecological environment and human health The treatment and disposal of livestock manure have become a bottleneck that limits the development of the breeding industry in a green and sustainable way In recent years, China has attached great importance to the development of ecological circular agriculture Biogas treatment has arisen as an important way to manage livestock manure By utilizing manure to produce biogas and then promoting the use of biogas, rural areas can greatly reduce the use of fuel and coal Rural sanitation and living environment can be improved, and soil health and plant growth can also benefit from the provision of biogas slurry nutrient If well managed, the biogas can provide an effective and efficient alternative in support of green and ecological agriculture development Hainan Province is a tropical island in China Tropical cash crops, and livestock and poultry farming are the major income sources for Hainan farmers Located in the north of Yazhou District, Sanya City, Hainan Province, Beiling Village is home to 3 857 famers, including 3 852 from the Li ethnic minority, accounting for 99 9 percent of the total Local villagers rely on mango and banana as the main cash crops. -
ArticleExploring the Socioeconomic Importance of Antimicrobial Use in the Small-Scale Pig Sector in Vietnam 2020
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No results found.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is influenced by antimicrobial use in human and animal health. This use exerts selection pressure on pathogen populations with the development of resistance and the exchange of resistance genes. While the exact scale of AMR in Vietnam remains uncertain, recent studies suggest that it is a major issue in both human and animal health. This study explored antimicrobial use behaviors in 36 pig farms in the Nam Dinh Province (North) and the Dong Nai Province (South) of Vietnam (with a median of 5.5 breeding sows and 41 fattening pigs). It also estimated the economic costs and benefits of use for the producer. Data were collected through a structured face-to-face interview with additional productivity data collected by farmers during a six-week period following the initial interview. Overall, antimicrobial use was high across the farms; however, in-feed antimicrobial use is likely to be under-reported due to misleading and imprecise labeling on premixed commercial feeds. An economic analysis found that the cost of antimicrobials was low relative to other farm inputs (~2% of total costs), and that farm profitability was precariously balanced, with high disease and poor prices leading to negative and low profits. Future policies for smallholder farms need to consider farm-level economics and livestock food supply issues when developing further antimicrobial use interventions in the region. -
ArticleAntimicrobial usage surveillance through sales at veterinary drug shops intended for livestock in Vietnam 2021
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No results found.There is a pressing need to establish surveillance systems for antimicrobial use (AMU) intended for animal production, particularly in many low- and middle-income countries. This is an extremely challenging task, notably due to the wide range of animal species, production types, and antimicrobials available in the market. In Vietnam, farmers commonly buy antimicrobials from veterinary drug shops. Therefore, veterinary drug shops are a potential target for the data collection on AMU. We collected antimicrobial sales data at veterinary drug shops and estimated the amount of AMU in different animal species by antimicrobial active ingredient (AAI) class using different measurement metrics. We compiled information on all antimicrobials licensed in Vietnam and used this information to develop a mobile application to capture sales of antimicrobials intended for use in poultry, pig, and ruminant. We provided tablets with this application to 60 veterinary drug shops in two provinces of the country (Bac Giang in the north, Dong Thap in the south; three districts and 30 shops per province) for data collection over 3 weeks. Total sales of antimicrobials were extrapolated to 1 year, and these amounts were related to three different denominator estimates in each province including standing animal body weight, animal biomass, and Population Correction Unit (PCU). A total of 3,960 transactions [2,577 (median 75.5 per shop) in Bac Giang; 1,383 (median 28.5 per shop) in Dong Thap] of 831 different antimicrobial-containing products were recorded in the 3-week period. Sales of 57 AAIs belonging to 17 classes were recorded. In the three Bac Giang districts, we estimated that 242.0 kg of AAI were hypothetically sold over 1 year. Of those, 202.2 kg (83.6%) were intended for poultry, 19.8 kg (8.1%) for pigs, and 20.0 kg (8.3%) for ruminants. In Dong Thap, an estimated 48.4 kg of antimicrobials were sold, including 28.9 kg (59.7%) for poultry, 16.0 kg (33.1%) for pigs, and 3.5 kg (7.2%) for ruminants. After standardized by different animal population denominators, AMU in Bac Giang amounted to 1129.2 mg/kg standing animal body weight, 480.2 mg/kg biomass, and 636.1 mg/kg PCU. In Dong Thap, AMU figures were 1211.0 mg/kg standing animal body weight, 595.8 mg/kg biomass, and 818.5 mg/kg PCU. We discuss the observed differences between species, location and metrics, as well as the potential advantages and limitations (including potential sources of bias) of this methodology and its applicability at the country level. Retail level data collection can effectively be integrated
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