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Evolution of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza type H5N1 in Europe: review of disease ecology, trends and prospects of spread in autumn-winter 2006









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    Meeting
    European Regional Assessment for the FAO Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land and other Natural Resources 2010
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    FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and other development partners are working together with countries to prepare Voluntary Guidelines that will provide practical guidance to states, civil society, the private sector, donors and development specialists on the responsible governance of tenure. By setting out principles and internationally accepted standards for responsible practices, the Voluntary Guidelines will provide a framework and point of reference that stakeholde rs can use when developing their own policies and actions. Regional consultations on the proposed Voluntary Guidelines are an important part of the process. They bring together regionally representative, multidisciplinary groups to assess regional priorities and issues that should be considered when the Voluntary Guidelines are drafted. The regional consultation for Europe was hosted by the National Agency for Cadastre and Land Registration, Romania, and was opened by Ms Irina Alexe, the Se cretary of State, Ministry of Administration and Interior. The consultation was cosponsored by the National Agency for Cadastre and Land Registration, Romania; GTZ (Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit) and BMZ (Ministry for Economic Development), Germany; the World Bank and FAO. It was attended by 91 people from 28 countries and territories of the region who contributed their substantial knowledge and experience of the public sector, private sector, civil society and academia. Regional pa rticipants came from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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    Avian Influenza Disease Emergency: issue No. 61 (31/08/2009)
    AIDEnews
    2009
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    After H5N1 HPAI virus was reported in poultry in South East Asia in early 2004, it was only a matter of time before incursions were reported in Europe and countries of the Central Asia Region. It is widely believed that the virus was mainly spread through migration of wild birds, as well as cross-border trade. Whichever the explanation might be, it was quite evident that by mid 2005 this region was experiencing a major avian influenza H5N1 epidemic. Outbreaks were reported in the Russian Federat ion and Kazakhstan in July 2005, followed by Mongolia in August, Turkey in October, and Ukraine in November of that same year. The first outbreaks occurred in wild birds, followed by rapid spread to domestic poultry: both, backyard and commercial flocks. In January 2006, Turkey reported its first confirmed human case of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection and death, followed shortly thereafter by Azerbaijan in February. From 2006 to 2008, H5N1 HPAI has been repeatedly reported in Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan and Turkey, which suggests that there are continuous reintroductions from an outside source.
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    RECOVERED PAPER DATA 2006 2007
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    This FAO survey on “Recovered Paper Data, 2006” follows the same format as the 2003 edition. It was produced, in cooperation with the Confederation of European Paper Industry (CEPI) which supplied the necessary data relevant to its member countries (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom) and it estimated the data for Denmark, Greece and Irelan d. FAO collected data for the other remaining countries. The survey presents data on recovery, trade and utilization of recovered paper. Historical data for the period 2006 is presented and only a few countries provided projections of recovery and use of recovered paper for the years 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. The ratios used to analyse the data are those recommended by the Sub-group on Waste Paper Terminology and are defined later in this document. Appendix 1 contains the questionna ire which FAO sent to 46 countries. In addition to the 20 countries covered by CEPI, the following 20 countries answered the questionnaires: Australia, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Estonia, Iraq, Japan, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Republic of Korea, Thailand, Turkey and the United States of America. All together these 40 countries represent over 85 percent of the world paper and paperboard production an d the data presented can be considered representative of the recovery, use and trade of recovered paper in the world.

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