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DocumentThe FAO parametric versus the IFPRI non-parametric approach to estimating the Prevalence of Undernourishment:
Issues Relating to the Use of Household Level Data from National Household Surveys
2007Also available in:
No results found.A non-parametric approach suggested by researchers from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) for measuring food deprivation (undernourishment) is not an improvement to the current FAO parametric approach. This is mainly due to flaws arising from the use of an inappropriate methodological framework and the reliance on single household data from national household surveys (NHS) that are subject to undesirable sources of variation. FAO’s parametric approach is still th e only choice for estimating the prevalence of undernourishment for the purpose of monitoring hunger reduction at country, regional and global levels. The FAO approach estimates the average food consumption parameter from national food balances such as those from the FBS compiled and prepared by FAO on yearly basis. The FBS is the only data source for global monitoring. The parameter on inequality in food access is derived from NHS data, which are collected less frequently. For estim ating the prevalence of undernourishment at subnational levels and identifying population groups at high risk of food insecurity, countries are applying the FAO method to derive both the average and the inequality parameters from the NHS data. -
DocumentUndernourishment and critical food poverty: Indicators at national and sub-national levels 2009
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No results found.Indicators to measure food poverty and undernourishment are useful for understanding food insecurity at national level and within countries. This paper discusses two indicators: proportion of undernourishment, and proportion of critical food poverty. Both indicators are based on nutritional underlying criteria and derived from food consumption and income data collected in national household surveys. Proportion of undernourishment is the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) indicator number 1.9, which is based on the distribution of dietary energy consumption (DEC); the proportion of critical food poverty is an indicator that links undernourishment to food poverty, based on the distribution of income (INC). The link is the concept of minimum dietary energy requirement (MDER) used in the FAO methodology as the cutoff value in the distribution of dietary energy consumption for estimating undernourishment. The critical food poverty line for estimating the proporti on of critical food poverty is the critical income corresponding to the cost of the MDER, based on a balanced diet on energy-yielding nutrients accessible to low-income population groups. The macronutrient-balanced diet uses the recommendations of a Joint WHO/ FAO Expert Consultation on Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (2002, Geneva) as its point of reference. Examples illustrate the results of both indicators for a sample of countries in different continents. -
Book (stand-alone)Food and nutrition in numbers 2014 2014
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No results found.Overcoming malnutrition in all of its forms – caloric undernourishment, micronutrient deficiencies and obesity – requires a combination of interventions in different areas that guarantee the availability of and access to healthy diets. Among the key areas, interventions are required in food systems, public health systems and the provision of safe water and sanitation. This pocketbook not only focuses on indicators of food security and nutritional outcomes but also on the determinants that contri bute to healthy lives. The pocketbook is structured in two sections: Thematic spreads related to food security and nutrition, including detailed food consumption data collected from national household budget surveys; Comprehensive country and regional profiles with indicators categorized by anthropometry, nutritional deficiencies, supplementation, dietary energy supplies, preceded by their "setting". The setting provides demographic indicators as well as health status indicators based on mor tality patterns and the provision of safe water and sanitation. Anthropometry indicators provide information not only on the prevalence of acute and chronic forms of under-nutrition but also on the prevalence of obesity. Their co-existence is often referred to as the double burden of malnutrition. Nutritional deficiency indicators reveal food security issues at the national level based on the adequacy of energy supplies; they also reveal the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies, often refe rred to as “hidden hunger”. Combined with anthropometric measurements, they allow for the identification of the triple burden of malnutrition (under-nutrition, obesity and hidden hunger). Regarding hidden hunger, indicators concerning iodine and vitamin A have been selected. Dietary indicators are based on national food supplies and inform on the overall quality of diets. Focus is also on the importance of diets during the first 1 000 days of an infant’s life, with indicators selected on the qu ality of breastfeeding, dietary diversity and meal frequency.
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