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Microfinance in fisheries and aquaculture. Guidelines and case studies











U. Tietze and L.V. Villareal Microfinance in fisheries and aquaculture: guidelines and case studies FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 440. Rome, FAO. 2003. 114 pp.


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    The studies on livelihood and micro-enterprise development opportunities for women in coastal fishing communities in India are a follow-up to the national workshop on best practices in microfinance programmes for women in coastal fishing communities in India, held in Panaji, Goa, India, from 1 to 4 July 2003. The proceedings and outcomes of the workshop are reported in FAO Fisheries Report No. 724. The studies found that poverty has remained a serious problem in fishing communities in Orissa and Maharashtra, made even more severe by the widespread absence of rural infrastructure and services such as safe drinking water, electricity, waste and sewage disposal facilities, health care and educational services and facilities, all-weather link roads as well as a lack of adequate housing facilities. Over the last two decades, fishing effort and the cost of fishing have considerably increased. Over the same period, a diversification of livelihoods of fisherfolk households has taken place, and many household members, particularly women, are now working part-time as unskilled agricultural labourers or construction workers. In recent years, through the efforts of non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the marine wing of the Fisheries Department of Orissa and the initiative of other government departments, many women self-help groups (SHGs) and cooperatives have been formed and training has been provided to their members in the field of fish processing an d marketing. Only a minority of the SHGs and cooperatives in Maharashtra and Orissa though, which have been formed in fishing communities, have so far been linked to financial institutions and there is a severe lack of rural fish storage and processing infrastructure and facilities. The findings of the studies suggest that through actively promoting self-help groups and cooperatives among women in coastal fishing communities and through linking these associations with financial insti tutions, investment and working capital needs of their members can be met. To make the best use of capital inputs, SHGs and their federations need vocational and enterprise development training from NGOs and from fisheries training and research institutions as well as assistance for establishing links to new market outlets for their products, both domestically and for export. The state-level workshops in Orissa and Maharashtra made specific recommendations as to what kind of assistance i s needed so that poverty in coastal fishing communities can be reduced and livelihoods improved and diversified through micro-enterprise development and microfinance and training support.
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    While it is widely acknowledged that the availability of institutional credit is an important pre-condition for the further development of the small-scale fisheries sector of many developing countries, the lack of well-documented information with regard to the reasons for the success or failure of fisheries credit schemes impedes progress in the design and operation of new fisheries credit programmes and revolving loan funds. In order to gain more information in this vital area, the Fishery I ndustries Division of FAO initiated a series of case studies in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Latin America and the Caribbean on successful fishery credit programmes and revolving loan funds. Successful was defined by an over-all positive socio-economic impact, the full utilization of credits for their intended purpose, achievement of disbursement targets and satisfactory loan recovery. Each region is represented by two or three case studies, selected on the basis of various institutional a nd operational circumstances, in order to cover all major settings of fisheries credit operations. The case studies presented in this volume reflect the opinions of their authors who in some cases have been closely associated with the design and implementation of the credit programmes. Some editorial changes have been made to facilitate presentation and comparison, but the substance of the studies and the conclusions reached are those of the authors.
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    This qualitative study was developed under the Empowering women and boosting livelihoods through agricultural trade: Leveraging the AfCFTA programme, co-implemented by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the International Trade Centre (ITC). It seeks to assess gender dynamics along the fisheries and aquaculture value chains in Ghana and Nigeria, focusing particularly on women’s roles, barriers and trade potential. This report also provides gender-specific recommendations to address the identified challenges and enhance women’s trade potential in the selected regional value chain in Ghana and Nigeria.

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