Chapter X. Species for arid zone forestry
Ideally, forest plantations established in the arid zones should provide an array of products and services. While the tree and shrub species and techniques chosen must ensure soil and water conservation and provide shade and shelter, they also should yield the immediate requirements for fuel, fodder, and generally, multiple uses, whenever possible.
2. List of tree and shrub species
Important and commonly-used tree and shrub species for arid zone forestry are listed below. It should be noted, however, that a listing of this kind is never complete; there are always local trees or shrubs that, while not included in a particular listing, can meet the objectives of a planting programme. Nevertheless, the list presented in this manual can provide a "starting-point" in selecting a tree or shrub species to achieve a specific purpose.
In evaluating the value of the trees and shrubs listed in terms of fuel and fodder, ratings of "high", "good", or "moderate" value have been assigned to the species. These ratings are totally subjective and, therefore, must be so interpreted.
Species |
Fuel |
Fodder |
Additional Uses and Remarks |
Acacia aneura |
XX |
XXX |
posts and poles |
Acacia brachystachya |
XX |
X |
small wood items, wood durable |
Acacia cambagei |
XXX |
posts, termite-resistant |
|
Acacia cyanophylla |
XX |
X |
sand dune stabilization,
windbreaks and shelterbelts |
Acacia cyclops |
XX |
X |
sand dune stabilization |
Acacia farnesiana |
XX |
XX |
posts, tannin from bark, hedges |
Acacia mellifera |
XX |
XX |
roundwood, hedges |
Acacia nilotica |
XX |
XXX |
building material, tannin from
bark and pods, gum, wood durable |
Acacia senegal |
XXX |
XXX |
soil improvement, agroforestry,
gum arable, roundwood |
Acacia seyal |
XX |
XXX |
roundwood, gum, wood hard |
Acacia tortilis |
XXX |
XXX |
posts, sand dune stabilization |
Acacia victoriae |
X |
XX |
|
Albizia lebbek |
XX |
XX |
lumber, furniture, soil
improvement, leaves for manure |
Anogeissus leiocarpus |
XX |
XX |
roundwood, tannin from leaves and
bark |
Anogeissus latifolia |
XXX |
XX |
roundwood, gum, tannin, silkworms |
Argania sideroxylon |
XX |
XX |
construction material, oil from
seed |
Atriplex canescens |
X |
XX |
windbreaks and shelterbelts |
Atriplex nummulria |
X |
XXX |
windbreaks and shelterbelts, sand
dune stabilization |
Atriplex glauca |
XX |
||
Atriplex halimus |
X |
XXX |
windbreaks and shelterbelts |
Atriplex semibaccata |
XX |
||
Atriplex vesicaria |
XX |
||
Atriplex indica |
XX |
X |
poles, furniture, tannin, oil,
windbreaks and shelterbelts, shade |
Azadirachta indica |
XX |
X |
poles, furniture, tannin, oil,
windbreaks and shelterbelts, shade |
Balanites aegyptiaca |
XX |
X |
edible fruits, oil |
Bolswellia papyrifera |
XX |
Frankincense gum |
|
Boswellia serrate |
X |
Frankincense gum |
|
Brachychiton populneum |
XX |
windbreaks and shelterbelts |
|
Brosium alicastrum |
X |
XXX |
construction material |
Callitris glauca |
XX |
posts, poles, housebuilding,
windbreaks and shelterbelts, resistant wood |
|
Cassia auriculata |
X |
X |
tannin, tea, hedge plant |
Cassia siamea |
XX |
X |
roadside plantations, lumber |
Cassia sturtii |
X |
XX |
|
Casuarina equisetifolia |
XXX |
posts, poles, tannin, sand dune
stabilization, windbreaks and shelterbelts |
|
Casuarina cunninghamiana |
XXX |
X |
windbreaks and shelterbelts, shade |
Ceratonia siliqua |
X |
XXX |
honey, soil conservation |
Colophospermum mopane |
XXX |
XX |
roundwood, carvings |
Conocarpus lancifolius |
XXX |
XX |
poles, shipbuilding, shade |
Cordeauxia edulis |
XX |
seeds for food |
|
Cupressus arizonica |
X |
windbreaks and shelterbelts |
|
Cupressus sempervirens |
X |
carpentry, furniture, windbreaks
and shelterbelts |
|
Dalbergia sissoo |
XXX |
furniture, building material,
posts |
|
Desmoodium spp. |
XX |
||
Dichrostachus cinerea |
X |
XX |
posts, sand dune stabilization |
Eucalyptus camaldulensis |
XXX |
lumber, honey, windbreaks and
shelterbelts |
|
Eucalyptus gomphocephala |
XXX |
construction material, windbreaks
and shelterbelts, soil protection, roadside plantations |
|
Eucalyptus salmonophloia |
XX |
wood durable, roundwood,
windbreaks and shelterbelts, roadside plantations |
|
Euphorbia tirucalli |
X |
hedges, windbreaks and
shelterbelts, latex |
|
Faiderbia albida |
X |
XXX |
tanning from wood, soil
improvement |
Gleditsia triacanthos |
X |
XXX |
wood durable, roundwood,
windbreaks and shelterbelts |
Haloxylon aphyllum |
XX |
XX |
windbreaks and shelterbelts |
Haloxylon persicum |
XXX |
XX |
sand dune stabilization |
Juniperus osteosperma |
XXX |
posts, berries for wildlife food,
windbreaks and shelterbelts |
|
Juniperus monosperma |
XXX |
posts, berries for wildlife food,
windbreaks and shelterbelts |
|
Juniperus depeeana |
XXX |
posts, berries for wildlife food |
|
Juniperus scopulorum |
XXX |
posts, berries for wildlife food,
windbreaks and shelterbelts |
|
Leucaena leucocephala |
XXX |
XXX |
roundwood, soil improvement |
Parkinsonia aculeata |
XX |
XX |
soil fixation, erosion control |
Pinus halepensis |
XX |
construction material, resin, soil
conservation |
|
Pithecellobium dulce |
X |
XX |
posts, edible fruits, tannin,
shade, hedges |
Prosopis chilensis |
XXX |
XXX |
posts, soil conservation, sand
dune stabilization, wood durable |
Prosopis spicigera |
XXX |
XXX |
soil improvement, agroforestry |
Prosopis tamarugo |
XX |
XX |
furniture |
Quercus arizonica |
XXX |
||
Quercus emoryii |
XXX |
||
Quercus gambelli |
XXX |
posts |
|
Quercus hypoleucoides |
XXX |
||
Robinia pseudoacacia |
XX |
X |
posts, soil improvement |
Salvadora persica |
XX |
XX |
edible fruit, seeds give fat,
roadside plantations |
Schinus moue |
X |
windbreaks and shelterbelts, shade
planting |
|
Simmondsia chinensis |
X |
Jojoba oil from seeds |
|
Tamarix aphylla |
XX |
turnery, carpentry, sand dune
stabilization, windbreaks and shelterbelts |
|
Tamarindus indica |
XX |
XX |
roundwood, construction material,
furniture, edible fruits, drinks |
Tetraclinis articulate |
XX |
furniture, lumber, timber, resin,
erosion control |
|
Zizyphus jujube |
XXX |
XX |
agricultural implements, edible
fruits, drinks, fences, shellac |
Zizyphus spina-christi |
XX |
XX |
posts, hedges, erosion control |
XXX = High
Value
XX = Good Value
X = Moderate Value