Abate Tedla, KL Srivastava and Tekalign Mamo
The Joint Vertisol Project (JVP) has been involved in organising a range of training, public awareness and scientific exchange activities since its inception. These are summarised below:
Individual training of scientific personnel
The Project has offered training opportunities to visiting scientists, post-doctoral fellows, graduate and undergraduate associates, particularly in the areas of soil management and feed legume research. These individuals were drawn from national research and development institutions seeking to strengthen their work on Vertisols. They have benefitted from direct participation in on-going research and evaluation programmes under close supervision by their advisors.
Croup training of scientific personnel
About 10 personnel from the institute of Agricultural Research (IAR), the Alemaya University of Agriculture (AUA), the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), the Addis Ababa University (AAU) and the International, Livestock Centre for Africa (ILCA) underwent training in production agronomy, cropping systems, soil fertility and land and water management at ICRISAT Centre, Hyderabad, India After their return to Ethiopia, these staff have contributed to Vertisol research and technology verification.
Field days and training to farmers and development agents
JVP has annually organised farmer-training sessions and field days. Farmers, extension workers, researchers and policy makers actively participated in these sessions and field days (Fig. 1).
The aim of the Project with regard to training of farmers and development agents was geared primarily to "training the trainers". Therefore, the participation of some previously trained farmers participating in the training sessions as trainers was encouraged. The training sessions for farmers and development agents were of two types:
· General information about the Project and its achievements. In this session, key farmers and development agents were invited to various research sites where they interacted with research staff and amongst themselves. This proved a highly useful as farmers were exposed to innovative practices in different Vertisol areas and there was cross-fertilisation of ideas.· Training in preparation and use of the broadbed maker (BBM). These sessions were conducted at different on-farm verification sites. The previously trained farmers acted as resource persons. Some basic tools were provided to selected farmers. This has enabled them to use their newly acquired skills beyond the training sessions.
Practical training for university students
JVP provided training opportunities to some 10 Alemaya University of Agriculture students each year during their summer vacations. These were students who had completed their third year majoring in agricultural engineering, plant and animal sciences and in agricultural economics.
They carried out trials on specific projects: cropping systems, better feed utilisation trials, implement designing, soil management (e.g. erosion) trials and on-farm economic evaluations etc which they carried out on all JVP sites.
Training in JVP enabled the students to translate theory into practice and gain a hands-on experience in Vertisols management. Many of them used the opportunity to prepare their fourth year research paper. They popularised Ethiopian Vertisols in AUA and today serve as link people.
The JVP has achieved a remarkable degree of public recognition both in and outside Ethiopia
There have been in-depth coverage of Project field days by all Ethiopian media. The Projects's activities have also been covered among others by the BBC World Service (Farming World), Radio France International, New Scientist and Neue Zuercher Zeiting. The Vertisol conference held in 1987 contributed decisively to public awareness. The Ethiopian Ministry of Education included a report on the Project in its bulletins for adult literacy training in six languages. The Project featured in the CGIAR Annual Report 1986/87 under the heading "Impact: From farmers' fields to national policies".
Workshops/Conferences
A Vertisol conference was organised at ILCA, Addis Ababa from 31 August to 4 September 1987 in collaboration with national and international organisations. The purpose of this conference was to acquaint African researchers and development personnel with work being undertaken in different countries and to determine the Vertisol research agenda for the African Continent.
Project staff participated in and contributed to the following Vertisol management workshops and conferences:
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1986. |
Workshop on Management of Vertisols under Semi-arid Conditions |
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Organised by IBSRAM in Nairobi Kenya. |
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1987. |
Conference on Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa |
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Organised by ILCA in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. |
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1988. |
Workshop on Vertisol Management in Africa. |
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Organised by IBSRAM in Harare, Zimbabwe. |
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1989. |
Workshop on Vertisol Management. |
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Organised by Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA. |
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1990. |
Networkshop on Vertisol Management in Africa. |
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Organised by IBSRAM in Nairobi Kenya. |
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1992. |
Annual Networkshop on Management of Vertisols in Africa. |
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Organised by IBSRAM in Accra, Ghana |
JVP learned several things from these conferences:
- that there were several studies underway in the rest of the world as well on Vertisols where water was scarce- that research in the developing world was focussing on characterisation and coming out with specifications
- that a multidisciplinary approach would be better for creating an impact on the target audience - the farmer
- that Ethiopian Vertisols had great potential: with simple modification of implements, impact in terms of higher yields of food and feeds was possible.
Figure 1. Visit to farmers' field on a field day.
Publications/Reports
The Joint Vertisols Project has produced a range of publications and internal reports which are listed below:
1) Abate Tedla, 1989. Improved technology for draining Vertisols in the Ethiopian highlands. ILCA's contribution. In: MOVUSAC/IBSRAM Workshop on Vertisol Management in Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe, January 16-21. IBSRAM Proceedings 9. pp. 173-179.2) Abate Tedla, and Abiye Astatke. 1989. Vertisol management project highlights. Paper presented at the Agronomy and Soil Training Workshop, Holleta, Ethiopia.
3) Abate Tedla and Abiye Astatke. 1992. Some methods for introducing forage legumes into the smallholder mixed farms in the Ethiopian highlands. Paper presented at the Symposium on Environmental Degradation, Mekele, Ethiopia.
4) Abate Tedla, and Getachew Asamenew. 1992. Food and feed production strategies for Vertisols in the Ethiopian highlands. Paper presented at the IBSRAM Annual Workshop on Management of Vertisols in Africa, 11-14 June 1992, Accra, Ghana.
5) Abate Tedla, and Mohamed-Saleem M A. 1992. Cropping systems for Vertisols of the Ethiopian highlands. ID: Reports and papers on the management of Vertisols (IBSRAM/AFRICALAND). Network Document 1. IBSRAM (International Board for Soil Research and Management), Nairobi Kenya. pp. 55-66.
6) Abate Tedla, Airaksinen H and Mohamed-Saleem M A. 1992. Effect of seedbed methods and time of harvest on the yield and nutritive value of some forage crops at Debre Zeit, Ethiopia. Agricultural Science in Finland (in press).
7) Abate Tedla, Getinet Gebeyehu and Tesfaye Tesemma. 1989. Drainage improvement on Vertisols of the highlands of Ethiopia. Sebil 2(1&2):33-34. Bulletin of the Crop Science Committee of Ethiopia.
8) Abate Tedla, Jutzi S and Getinet Gebeyehu. 1988. Performance of Improved wheat varieties on some highland Vertisols under enhanced surface drainage. Sebil 1(1):28. Bulletin of the Crop Science Committee of Ethiopia.
9) Abate Tedla, Mohamed-Saleem M A and Tesfaye Tesemma. 1991. Grain and straw comparison of wheat varieties using early season planting on drained Vertisols in the Ethiopian highlands. (ILCA internal report)
10) Abate Tedla, Tekalign Mamo and Getinet Gebeyehu. 1992. Integration of forage legumes into cereal cropping systems in Vertisol of the Ethiopian highlands Tropical Agriculture 69:68-72.
11) Abate Tedla, Jutzi S C, Kahurananga J and Tothill J C. 1988. Results of undersowing clover mixture in bread wheat on improved Vertisols in the Ethiopian highlands, 1987.6 pp. (ILCA internal report)
12) Abiye Astatke and Abate Tedla. 1992. Small-scale water reservoirs for erosion control and for sustainable agricultural J production. Paper presented at the Symposium on Environmental Degradation, Mekele, Ethiopia
13) Abiye Astatke and Mohamed-Saleem M A. 1992. Low-cost animal-drawn implements for better utilization of Vertisols in the Ethiopian highlands. In: Reports and papers on the management of Vertisols (IBSRAM/AFRICALAND). Network Document 1. IBSRAM (International Board for Soil Research Management), Nairobi, Kenya pp. 67-74.
14) Abiye Astatke, Airaksinen H and Mohamed-Saleem M A. 1990. Supplementary irrigation for sequential cropping in the Ethiopian highland Vertisols using broadbed and furrow land management system. Agricultural Water Management (in press).
15) Abiye Astatke, Jutzi S C and Abate Tedla, 1988. Sequential cropping on Vertisols of the Ethiopian highlands using broadbed and furrow system. 4 pp. (ILCA internal report).
16) Abiye Astatke, Jutzi S C and Grunder M. 1988. Vertisol surface drainage and effects on soil nutrient conservation, excess water disposal and wheat growth at Debre Zeit. Paper presented at the National Crop improvement Conference (NCIC), Addis Ababa Ethiopia 28-30 March 1988. IAR (Institute of Agricultural Research), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
17) Abiye Astatke, Jutzi S C and Grunder M. 1988. Effects of surface drainage on soil erosion and wheat growth on a gently sloping Vertisol at Debre Zeit, Ethiopia (Abstract). in: Jutzi S C, Haque I, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 31 Aug-4 Sep 1987. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa Ethiopia. pp. 288-289.
18) Abiye Astatke, Jutzi S C, Grunder M, Bums E and Mohamed-Saleem M A. 1989. Effects of surface drainage on erosion in the Vertisol areas of the Ethiopian highlands. (ILCA internal report).
19) Akyeampong E and Tekalign Mamo. 1988. Response of Sesbania sesban to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on two Ethiopian Vertisols (Abstract). in: Jutzi S C, Haque I, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 31 August-4 September 1987. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa Ethiopia. pp. 256-257.
20) Ali Yimer Ali. 1992. Nitrogen transformation in some Ethiopian highland Vertisols. PhD thesis, University College of Wales, Aberystwth, UK 174 pp.
21) Asfaw Yimegnuhal, Negussie Akalework and Jutzi S C. 1987. Conventional sheep production and fattening in an intensively cropped Vertisol area of the central Ethiopian highlands (Debre Zeit). 9 pp.
22) Asgelil Dibabe. 1990. Ethiopian Vertisol management research. IAR Newsletter 5:4. IAR (Institute of Agricultural Research), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
23) Asnakew Woldeab. 1988. Physical properties of Ethiopian Vertisols. In: Jutzi S C, Haque I, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 31 August-4 September 1987. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 111-123.
24) Asnakew Woldeab, Tekalign Mamo, Mengesha Bekele and Tefera Ajema. 1991. Soil fertility management studies on wheat in Ethiopia. In: Hailu Gebre-Mariam, Tanner D G and Mengistu Hulluka (eds), Wheat research in Ethiopia A historical perspective. IAR/CIMMYT (Institute of Agricultural Research/International Maize and Wheat improvement Center), Addis Ababa Ethiopia. pp. 137-172.
25) AUA (Alemaya University of Agriculture). 1991. AUA Vertisol Project progress summary. Internal report submitted to for the external review of the Joint Vertisols Project. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
26) Belay Simane. 1990. Agroclimatic analysis to assess crop production potentials in Ethiopia. ICRISAT/AUA (International, Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics/Alemaya University of Agriculture) Agronomy Section, Department of Plant Science, Alemaya, Ethiopia. 51 pp.
27) Bull T A. 1988. Agroecological assessment of Ethiopian Vertisols In: Jutzi S C, Haque 1, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 31 August-4 September 1987. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, pp. 89-105.
28) Daniel Dauro. 1991. Competition and regeneration of selected Trifolium species under natural pasture and intercropped situation in the central highlands of Ethiopia. PhD thesis (in preparation), Montpellier, France.
29) Deckers J. 1988. Soil fertility assessment of Ethiopian Vertisols on the basis of extension trial series of the Ministry of Agriculture (Abstract). in: Jutzi S C, Haque I, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa (Ethiopia 31 August-4 September 1987. ILCA International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. p. 255.
30) Desta Beyene. 1988. Soil fertility research on some Ethiopian Vertisols. In: Jutzi S C, Haque I, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of a conference, held at ILCA, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 31 August-4 September 1987. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia pp. 223-231.
31) Desta Beyene and Hailu Regassa. 1989. Research work on the management of Vertisols in Ethiopia Experience of IAR. In: Vertisol management in Africa. Proceedings 9. IBSRAM (International Board for Soil Research and Management), Bankgok, Thailand.
32) Escobedo J. 1988. Soil conservation works on Vertisols of central Ethiopia (Abstract). in: Jutzi S C, Haque I, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds.) Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa Proceedings of a conference, held at ILCA, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 31 August-4 September 1987. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. p. 290.
33) Fisseha Itanna. 1992. Macro-and micronutrient distributions in Ethiopian Vertisol landscapes. PhD thesis, University of Hohenheim, Germany. 202 pp.
34) Getachew Asamenew 1988. An overview of a whole-farm approach in economic evaluation of small ruminant production technologies. Small Ruminant Production Technique Course, May 1988 at ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
35) Getachew Asamenew. 1990. Methodological issues in on-farm research to improve smallholder feed production Paper presented at the ILCA Forage Evaluation and Production Course, August 20 to September 14, 1990. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
36) Getachew Asamenew. 1990. Status of and constraints to animal traction technology in the Ethiopian highlands. Paper presented at a Seminar on the Role of Draught Animal Technology in Rural Development, 2-12 April 1990, CTVM, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
37) Getachew Asamenew. 1991. A study of the farming systems of some Ethiopian highland Vertisol areas. Draft working document. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
38) Getachew Asamenew. 1991. The concept and practice of farming systems research for improved cattle production in sub-Saharan Africa. Cattle Research Network Newsletter 5: 1-9. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
39) Getachew Asamenew. 1992. Issues in livestock technology development in smallholder farms in Ethiopia Paper presented al the CRDA workshop, Sept. 2-3, 1992, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
40) Getachew Asamenew and Abate Tedla. 1992. Research on crop and livestock intensification on small-farm Vertisols: ILCA's experience. Paper presented at the IBSRAM Annual Network Workshop on Management of Vertisols in Africa, Accra, Ghana.
41) Getachew Asamenew and Mohamed-Saleem M A. 1991. Concepts and procedures for the development of improved Vertisol technology in Ethiopia. In: Reports and papers on the management of Vertisols (IBSRAM/AFRICALAND). Network Document 1. IBSRAM (International Board for Soil Research and Management), Nairobi, Kenya. pp. 75-86.
42) Getachew Asamenew and Mohamed-Saleem M A. 1992. Farmer participatory roles in technology development and transfer A case study from on-farm Vertisol technology experiences in Ethiopia. Paper presented al the IAR/FARM AFRICA workshop, Feb. 17-19, 1992, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
43) Getachew Asamenew, Ercole Zerbini and Abate Tedla. 1991. Crop-livestock interactions and implications for animal traction research in the Ethiopian highlands. Paper presented at the Fourth National Livestock Improvement Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
44) Getachew Asamenew, Jutzi S and Ikavalko E. 1988. Procedure of crop sampling: A guide to field staff. Vertisol Project, ILCA International, Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
45) Getachew Asamenew, Jutzi S C, Abate Tedla and McIntire J. 1988. Economic evaluation of improved Vertisol drainage for food crop production in the Ethiopian highlands. In: Jutzi S C, Haque I, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 31 Aug-4 Sep 1987. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 263-283.
46) Getachew Asamenew, Jutzi S. McIntire J and Abate Tedla. 1988. Diagnosis of traditional farming systems in some Ethiopian highland Vertisol areas (Abstract). in: Jutzi S C, Haque I, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 31 Aug-4 Sep 1987. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 384-385.
47) Getachew Asamenew, Jutzi S C, Abate Tedla McIntire J and Ikavalko E. 1988. Improved draught power use for increased food and feed production on the Ethiopian highland Vertisols. In: IAR Proceedings. Second National Livestock improvement Conference, 23-25 February 1988. IAR (Institute of Agricultural Research), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
48) Gezahegn Ayele and Tekalign Mamo. 1992. Determinants of demand for fertilizer in Vertisol cropping systems of Ada and Lume regions of Ethiopia. Paper presented at the IBSRAM Annual Workshop on Management of Vertisols in Africa 11-14 June 1992, Accra, Ghana.
49) Goe M R. 1988. Effect of tillage frequency of clay soils on the draught of the Ethiopian ard maresha (Abstract). in: Jutzi S C, Haque I, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds). Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 31 Aug-4 Sep 1987. ILCA International, Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 380-381.
50) Goe M R and Reed J D. 1988. Utilisation of feed resources by draught animals on smallholder farms in the Ethiopian highlands (Abstract). in: Jutzi S C, Haque I, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 31 Aug-4 Sep 1987. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 382-383.
51) Gryseels G. 1988. The role of livestock in the generation of smallholder farm income in two Vertisol areas of the central Ethiopian highlands. In: Jutzi S C, Haque I, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 31 Aug-4 Sep 1987. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 345-358.
52) Haider G. Tilahun Hordofa and Endale Bekele. 1988. Irrigation water management for cotton on Vertisols in the middle Awash region of Ethiopia In: Jutzi S C, Haque I, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 31 Aug-4 Sep 1987. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 166-182.
53) Hailu Gebre. 1988. Crop agronomy research on Vertisols in the central highlands of Ethiopia. In: Jutzi S C, Haque I, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 31 Aug-4 Sep 1987. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 321-334.
54) Hailu Regassa. 1990. Vertisol - The challenging soil. IAR Newsletter 3(1). IAR (Institute of Agricultural Research), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
55) Hailu Regassa. 1992. Cropping systems and land preparation methods on Vertisols IAR's experience. Paper presented at the IBSRAM Annual Workshop on Management of Vertisols in Africa 11-14 June 1992, Accra, Ghana.
56) Hailu Regassa and Asgelil Dibabe. 1990. Properties and management of Vertisols in the central zone of Ethiopia. Paper presented at the 2nd National Natural Resource improvement Conference, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (in press).
57) Hailu Regassa Huda A K S and Virmani S M. 1987. Agroclimatic data analysis of selected locations in deep black clay soil (Vertisol) regions of Ethiopia. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India. (Internal report).
58) Haque I.1992. Use of legume biological nitrogen fixation in crop and livestock production systems. In: Mulongoy K Gueye M and Spencer D S C (eds), Biological nitrogen fixation and sustainability of tropical agriculture. A Wiley-Saye Co-Publication, UK pp. 432-437.
59) Haque I, Jutzi S and Nnadi L A. 1986. Management of Vertisols for increased and stabilized food and feed production in Ethiopian highlands. In: Desta Beyene (ed) Soil science research in Ethiopia. Proceedings of the First Soil Science Research Review Workshop held at ILCA Addis Ababa Ethiopia 11-16 February 1986. IAR (Institute of Agricultural Research), Addis Ababa Ethiopia. pp. 120-127.
60) Haque I, Tekalign Mamo and Abiye Astatke. 1992. Nutrients and soil surface management on highland Vertisols of Ethiopia. Plant Science Division Working Document B21, ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa Ethiopia. 31 pp.
61) ILCA, IAR and AUA (International Livestock Centre for Africa Institute of Agricultural Research, Alemaya University of Agriculture). 1990. Joint Vertisols Project. 1989 Report. ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. (Internal report).
62) ILCA, ICRISAT, IBSRAM International, Livestock Centre for Africa International, Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, (International Board for Soil Research and Management), Gov. of Ethiopia. 1987. Joint ILCA/ICRISAT/IBSRAM/Gov. of Ethiopia project on improved management of Vertisols in Ethiopia Progress report year 2 (1987) and project plans year 3 (1988). ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
63) ILCA, ICRISAT, IBSRAM (International Livestock Centre for Africa International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, International, Board for Soil Research and Management), Gov. of Ethiopia. 1988. Animal power for improved management of deep black clay soils (Vertisols) in the Ethiopian highlands. Outreach sub-project Wereta (Gonder Province). Final report. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
64) ILCA, ICRISAT, IBSRAM (International Livestock Centre for Africa International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics, International Board for Soil Research and Management), Gov. of Ethiopia 1989. Animal power for improved management of deep black clay soils (Vertisols) in the Ethiopian highlands. Progress report, work plan, and budget 1988 with funding request to Caritas Switzerland.
65) ILCA, ICRISAT, IBSRAM (International Livestock Centre for Africa), (International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics), (International Board for Soil Research and Management), Gov. of Ethiopia 1989. Animal power for improved management of deep black clay soils (Vertisols) in the Ethiopian highlands, an-farm technology evaluation on the high elevation plateau of Were Ilu Program/Degolo (southern Wello province). Final Report phase 1986-1988 with recommendations for follow-up activities. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
66) ILCA, ICRISAT, IBSRAM (International Livestock Centre for Africa), (International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics), (International Board for Soil Research and Management), Gov. of Ethiopia. 1989. Animal power for improved management of Vertisols in high rainfall areas of highland Ethiopia (Joint ILCA/ICRISAT/IBSRAM/Gov. of Ethiopia Vertisol Management Project). Report on Phase 1(1986-1988) and program for Phase 2 (1989-1991). ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
67) Jutzi S C. 1986. Deep black clay soils (Vertisols) - Management options for the Ethiopian highlands. Paper presented at the African Mountains Workshop, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 18-27 Oct 1986. 7 pp.
68) Jutzi S C. 1987. Animal power for improved management of deep black clay soils in sub-Saharan Africa (Phase 1: Ethiopia). Joint ILCA/ICRISAT/MOA/Alemaya University of Agriculture/Addis Ababa University Research, Training and Outreach Project. Outreach Sub-project Deneba/Inewari progress report, March 1987. 13 pp.
69) Jutzi S A and Haque I. 1985. Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa. ILCA/ICRISAT/IAR/AAU/MOA Research, Training and Outreach Project. ILCA International, Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 23 pp.
70) Jutzi S C, and Mesafin Abebe. 1986. Improved agricultural utilization of Vertisols in the Ethiopian highlands - An inter-institutional approach to research and development. Paper presented at IBSRAM Networkshop in Africa on Improved Vertisol Management, Nairobi, Kenya 1-6 Dec 1986.9 pp.
71) Jutzi S. Haque I and Abate Tedla. 1987. The production of animal feed in the Ethiopian highlands: Potential and limitations. In: IAR Proceedings. 1st National Livestock Improvement Conference. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 11-D February 1987. IAR (Institute of Agricultural Research), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia pp. 141-142.
72) Jutzi S. Haque I and Tothill J. 1985. Prospects low for native pasture improvement on black soils. ILCA Newsletter 4(3):3-4. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
73) Jutzi S C, Mohamed-Saleem M A and Tekalign Mamo. 1990. Vertisols and related clay soils in eastern Africa Their use and management, research and training needs. In: Jones C A and Gerik T J (eds), Workshop on Vertisol management. International collaboration in research, training and extension, June 25-29, 1990, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
74) Jutzi S C, Abate Tedla Mesfin Abebe and Desta Beyene. 1988. Inter-institutional modes of operation in research and development of improved Vertisol technologies for the Ethiopian highlands. In: Jutzi S C, Haque 1, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 31 Aug-4 Sep 1987. ILCA International, Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 389-398.
75) Jutzi S C, Getachew Asamenew, Abate Tedla and Abiye Astatke. 1987. Intermediate technology for increased food and feed production from deep black clay soils in the Ethiopian highlands. In: Improving food crop production on small farms in Africa. FAO/SIDA Seminar on increased Food Production through Low-Cost Food Crops Technology, Harare (Zimbabwe), 2-17 March 1987. FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations), Rome, Italy. pp. 376-383.
76) Jutzi S C, Haque I, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), 1988. Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa. Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 31 August-4 September 1987. ILCA International, Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 435 pp.
77) Kamara CS and Haque I. 1987. Characteristics of Vertisols at ILCA research and outreach sites in Ethiopia (revised). Plant Science Division Working Document B5. ILCA International, Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 87 pp.
78) Kamara C S and Haque I. 1987. Studies on the field capacity of a Udic Vertisol. Proceedings of the International Conference on Measurement of Soil and Plant Water Status. Vol. 1. Soils. Commemoration of the Centennial of Utah State University held in Logan, Utah, July 6-10, 1987. Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA. pp. 47-58.
79) Kamara C S and Haque I. 1988. Characteristics of soils at the IAR research sub-centres at Sheno and Ginchi. Plant Science Division Working Document B9, ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 55 pp.
80) Kamara C S and Haque I. 1988. Physical properties of Vertisols and their implications for management. A review. Plant Science Division Working Document B7. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 83 pp.
81) Kamara C S and Haque I. 1988. Soil moisture related properties of Vertisols in the Ethiopian highlands. In: Jutzi S C, Haque I, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 31 Aug-4 Sep 1987. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,. pp. 183-200.
82) Kamara C S and Haque I. 1988. Soil moisture storage along a toposequence in Ethiopian vertisols. In: Jutzi S C, Haque I, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa Ethiopia 31 Aug-4 Sep 1987. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa Ethiopia. pp. 201-222.
83) Kamara C S and Haque I. 1990. Characteristics of lowland soils of Melka Sede state farm and Melka Werer Research Centre in the Harerge region of Ethiopia. Plant Science Division Working Document B11. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa Ethiopia. 77 pp.
84) Kamara C S and Haque I. 1991. Effects of type of seed bed and Sesbania sesban mulch placement in Vertisol on the yield of maize. Paper presented at the 12th International Conference of ISTRO, Ibadan, Nigeria 8-12 July 1991. pp. 402-409.
85) Kamara C S and Haque I. 1992. Faidherbia albida and its effects on Ethiopian highland Vertisols A,groforestry Systems 18:17-29.
86) Kamara C S. Haque I, Desta Beyene and Ibarra F P. 1988. Characteristics of soils at the IAR sub-centre Sheno. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa Ethiopia. 33 pp.
87) Lulseged Gebrehiwot. 1988. Assessment of the productivity of native and improved forages on Vertisols in the central highlands of Ethiopia (Abstract). In: Jutzi S C, Haque 1, McIntire J and Stares J E S (eds), Management of Vertisols in sub-Saharan Africa Proceedings of a conference held at ILCA, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 31 Aug-4 Sep 1987. ILCA (International Livestock Centre for Africa), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 379-381.
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