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Summary of preparatory phase: Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malta, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, Turkey and Yugoslavia







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    Status of Cochineal and Opuntia spp. production in the Near East North Africa (NENA) region 2022: a perspective from Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, the Syrian Arab Republic and Tunisia 2022
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    The multispecies (spp.) plant genus Opuntia (commonly referred to as cactus pear) plays a significant socioeconomic, environmental and nutritional role for many countries in the Near East and North Africa (NENA) region where cactus production is becoming an increasingly popular source of livelihoods. One of the major pests that threaten Opuntia spp. worldwide is Dactylopius opuntiae (D. opuntiae), commonly known as prickly pear cochineal. Presence of this pest in the NENA region was first recorded in Lebanon in 2012. Since then, rapid cochineal spread has been officially documented in Jordan, Lebanon, the Syrian Arab Republic and Morocco with differing levels of significance. The insect is considered one of the most significant insect pests for cactus orchards, where it can infest large areas causing significant damage and limiting cactus forage and fruit production. This assessment report indicates that most countries were unprepared for the outbreak. Lack of knowledge of the pest and slow action to establish quarantine areas led to its rapid spread. This assessment report emphasizes the need for greater agroecological alternatives to contain the cochineal spread in NENA. Greater research and implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are needed with broader promotion and adoption of the pest’s natural enemies. The report outlined a pest monitoring strategy, a protocol for cochineal control and road map and road map for the next actions to be taken by the countries.
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    Vulnerability assessment of Mediterranean forest ecosystem to climate change in selected pilot sites in Algeria, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey 2016
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    Located in the Keserwan-Jbeil region of Lebanon, the Jabal Moussa Biosphere Reserve (N 34º 03’ 43.93”, E 35º 46’ 09.84”) is bordered by the Nahr Ibrahim river to the north and the Nahr el Dahab river to the south. The area of the reserve is approximately 6 500 ha large and the range of altitudes (350 to 1 600 m) is responsible for a wide variety of habitats. A typical Mediterranean ecosystem is located within the reserve, where evergreen sclerophylic shrubs and forests are the most common type o f vegetation spread on karstic landscapes and steep slopes. Jabal Moussa was designated as a Protected Forest by the Lebanese Ministry of Agriculture in 2008. A year later, it was declared as a Biosphere Reserve under UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere Program, as well as an Important Bird Area by Bird Life International. Like all UNESCO Biosphere Reserves, Jabal Moussa is divided into three main management zones: core area, buffer zone, and development or transition zone (Figure

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