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ArticlePeste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection at the Wildlife–Livestock Interface in the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem, 2015–2019 2021
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No results found.Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease of goats and sheep that occurs in Africa, the Middle East and Asia with a severe impact on livelihoods and livestock trade. Many wild artiodactyls are susceptible to PPR virus (PPRV) infection, and some outbreaks have threatened endangered wild populations. The role of wild species in PPRV epidemiology is unclear, which is a knowledge gap for the Global Strategy for the Control and Eradication of PPR. These studies aimed to investigate PPRV infection in wild artiodactyls in the Greater Serengeti and Amboseli ecosystems of Kenya and Tanzania. Out of 132 animals purposively sampled in 2015–2016, 19.7% were PPRV seropositive by ID Screen PPR competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA; IDvet, France) from the following species: African buffalo, wildebeest, topi, kongoni, Grant’s gazelle, impala, Thomson’s gazelle, warthog and gerenuk, while waterbuck and lesser kudu were seronegative. In 2018–2019, a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected African buffalo and Grant’s gazelle herds was conducted. The weighted estimate of PPRV seroprevalence was 12.0% out of 191 African buffalo and 1.1% out of 139 Grant’s gazelles. All ocular and nasal swabs and faeces were negative by PPRV real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Investigations of a PPR-like disease in sheep and goats confirmed PPRV circulation in the area by rapid detection test and/or RT-qPCR. These results demonstrated serological evidence of PPRV infection in wild artiodactyl species at the wildlife–livestock interface in this ecosystem where PPRV is endemic in domestic small ruminants. Exposure to PPRV could be via spillover from infected small ruminants or from transmission between wild animals, while the relatively low seroprevalence suggests that sustained transmission is unlikely. Further studies of other major wild artiodactyls in this ecosystem are required, such as impala, Thomson’s gazelle and wildebeest. -
DocumentManuel de lute contre la mouche tsé-tsé Volume 1 : Biologie, systématique et répartition des tsé-tsé 1982
Also available in:
This Manual is intended to be of use mainly in the training of people concerned with the practical side of tsetse control.Tsetse flies are important because of their ability to spread diseases among man and among domestic animals. The tsetse flies feed only on blood, and in the act of piercing the skin and drawing blood, the flies pass on the blood parasite Trypanosoma to previously uninfected animals or men, causing the disease trypanosomiasis which can be fatal if untreated.Very large areas of Africa are without cattle because of the presence of the tsetse fly and their trypanosones. This means that the orderly economic development of these areas is prevented. A small farmer in a tsetse area cannot use draught oxen to bring more fields under cultivation, and he cannot improve his land with cattle dung. Cattle owners in land near to tsetse belts must always fear outbreaks of the disease, and try to maintain control by drug treatment of his cattle or by other means. Movement of cattle through tsetse belts to reach new grazing grounds or markets greatly increases the risks of infection and loss.Training of tsetse control personnel is therefore an essential part of any large programme to remove the threat of trypanosomiasis from Africa or to reduce it substantially. The aim of this Manual is to assist in the training of tsetse control personnel by setting out the basic facts of tsetse biology, structure, behaviour and ecology, and of the main methods available for tsetse fly control; undesirable side effects of control methods are also described, and a responsible approach to this manysided problem is encouraged.Trainees in the tsetse control field should understand that both the techniques and the ideas now in fashion may be replaced by improved ones as our understanding of rural development and tsetse control methods increases. This will mean that certain parts of this Manual will soon become outdated and in need of revision. -
DocumentTraining manual for Tsetse control personnel Vol. 1 : Tsetse biology, systematics and distribution, techniques 1982
Also available in:
This Manual is intended to be of use mainly in the training of people concerned with the practical side of tsetse control.Tsetse flies are important because of their ability to spread diseases among man and among domestic animals. The tsetse flies feed only on blood, and in the act of piercing the skin and drawing blood, the flies pass on the blood parasite Trypanosoma to previously uninfected animals or men, causing the disease trypanosomiasis which can be fatal if untreated.Very large areas of Africa are without cattle because of the presence of the tsetse fly and their trypanosones. This means that the orderly economic development of these areas is prevented. A small farmer in a tsetse area cannot use draught oxen to bring more fields under cultivation, and he cannot improve his land with cattle dung. Cattle owners in land near to tsetse belts must always fear outbreaks of the disease, and try to maintain control by drug treatment of his cattle or by other means. Movement of cattle through tsetse belts to reach new grazing grounds or markets greatly increases the risks of infection and loss.Training of tsetse control personnel is therefore an essential part of any large programme to remove the threat of trypanosomiasis from Africa or to reduce it substantially. The aim of this Manual is to assist in the training of tsetse control personnel by setting out the basic facts of tsetse biology, structure, behaviour and ecology, and of the main methods available for tsetse fly control; undesirable side effects of control methods are also described, and a responsible approach to this manysided problem is encouraged.Trainees in the tsetse control field should understand that both the techniques and the ideas now in fashion may be replaced by improved ones as our understanding of rural development and tsetse control methods increases. This will mean that certain parts of this Manual will soon become outdated and in need of revision. -
ArticlePeste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection at the Wildlife–Livestock Interface in the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem, 2015–2019 2021
Also available in:
No results found.Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease of goats and sheep that occurs in Africa, the Middle East and Asia with a severe impact on livelihoods and livestock trade. Many wild artiodactyls are susceptible to PPR virus (PPRV) infection, and some outbreaks have threatened endangered wild populations. The role of wild species in PPRV epidemiology is unclear, which is a knowledge gap for the Global Strategy for the Control and Eradication of PPR. These studies aimed to investigate PPRV infection in wild artiodactyls in the Greater Serengeti and Amboseli ecosystems of Kenya and Tanzania. Out of 132 animals purposively sampled in 2015–2016, 19.7% were PPRV seropositive by ID Screen PPR competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA; IDvet, France) from the following species: African buffalo, wildebeest, topi, kongoni, Grant’s gazelle, impala, Thomson’s gazelle, warthog and gerenuk, while waterbuck and lesser kudu were seronegative. In 2018–2019, a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected African buffalo and Grant’s gazelle herds was conducted. The weighted estimate of PPRV seroprevalence was 12.0% out of 191 African buffalo and 1.1% out of 139 Grant’s gazelles. All ocular and nasal swabs and faeces were negative by PPRV real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Investigations of a PPR-like disease in sheep and goats confirmed PPRV circulation in the area by rapid detection test and/or RT-qPCR. These results demonstrated serological evidence of PPRV infection in wild artiodactyl species at the wildlife–livestock interface in this ecosystem where PPRV is endemic in domestic small ruminants. Exposure to PPRV could be via spillover from infected small ruminants or from transmission between wild animals, while the relatively low seroprevalence suggests that sustained transmission is unlikely. Further studies of other major wild artiodactyls in this ecosystem are required, such as impala, Thomson’s gazelle and wildebeest. -
DocumentManuel de lute contre la mouche tsé-tsé Volume 1 : Biologie, systématique et répartition des tsé-tsé 1982
Also available in:
This Manual is intended to be of use mainly in the training of people concerned with the practical side of tsetse control.Tsetse flies are important because of their ability to spread diseases among man and among domestic animals. The tsetse flies feed only on blood, and in the act of piercing the skin and drawing blood, the flies pass on the blood parasite Trypanosoma to previously uninfected animals or men, causing the disease trypanosomiasis which can be fatal if untreated.Very large areas of Africa are without cattle because of the presence of the tsetse fly and their trypanosones. This means that the orderly economic development of these areas is prevented. A small farmer in a tsetse area cannot use draught oxen to bring more fields under cultivation, and he cannot improve his land with cattle dung. Cattle owners in land near to tsetse belts must always fear outbreaks of the disease, and try to maintain control by drug treatment of his cattle or by other means. Movement of cattle through tsetse belts to reach new grazing grounds or markets greatly increases the risks of infection and loss.Training of tsetse control personnel is therefore an essential part of any large programme to remove the threat of trypanosomiasis from Africa or to reduce it substantially. The aim of this Manual is to assist in the training of tsetse control personnel by setting out the basic facts of tsetse biology, structure, behaviour and ecology, and of the main methods available for tsetse fly control; undesirable side effects of control methods are also described, and a responsible approach to this manysided problem is encouraged.Trainees in the tsetse control field should understand that both the techniques and the ideas now in fashion may be replaced by improved ones as our understanding of rural development and tsetse control methods increases. This will mean that certain parts of this Manual will soon become outdated and in need of revision. -
DocumentTraining manual for Tsetse control personnel Vol. 1 : Tsetse biology, systematics and distribution, techniques 1982
Also available in:
This Manual is intended to be of use mainly in the training of people concerned with the practical side of tsetse control.Tsetse flies are important because of their ability to spread diseases among man and among domestic animals. The tsetse flies feed only on blood, and in the act of piercing the skin and drawing blood, the flies pass on the blood parasite Trypanosoma to previously uninfected animals or men, causing the disease trypanosomiasis which can be fatal if untreated.Very large areas of Africa are without cattle because of the presence of the tsetse fly and their trypanosones. This means that the orderly economic development of these areas is prevented. A small farmer in a tsetse area cannot use draught oxen to bring more fields under cultivation, and he cannot improve his land with cattle dung. Cattle owners in land near to tsetse belts must always fear outbreaks of the disease, and try to maintain control by drug treatment of his cattle or by other means. Movement of cattle through tsetse belts to reach new grazing grounds or markets greatly increases the risks of infection and loss.Training of tsetse control personnel is therefore an essential part of any large programme to remove the threat of trypanosomiasis from Africa or to reduce it substantially. The aim of this Manual is to assist in the training of tsetse control personnel by setting out the basic facts of tsetse biology, structure, behaviour and ecology, and of the main methods available for tsetse fly control; undesirable side effects of control methods are also described, and a responsible approach to this manysided problem is encouraged.Trainees in the tsetse control field should understand that both the techniques and the ideas now in fashion may be replaced by improved ones as our understanding of rural development and tsetse control methods increases. This will mean that certain parts of this Manual will soon become outdated and in need of revision. -
ArticlePeste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection at the Wildlife–Livestock Interface in the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem, 2015–2019 2021
Also available in:
No results found.Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease of goats and sheep that occurs in Africa, the Middle East and Asia with a severe impact on livelihoods and livestock trade. Many wild artiodactyls are susceptible to PPR virus (PPRV) infection, and some outbreaks have threatened endangered wild populations. The role of wild species in PPRV epidemiology is unclear, which is a knowledge gap for the Global Strategy for the Control and Eradication of PPR. These studies aimed to investigate PPRV infection in wild artiodactyls in the Greater Serengeti and Amboseli ecosystems of Kenya and Tanzania. Out of 132 animals purposively sampled in 2015–2016, 19.7% were PPRV seropositive by ID Screen PPR competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA; IDvet, France) from the following species: African buffalo, wildebeest, topi, kongoni, Grant’s gazelle, impala, Thomson’s gazelle, warthog and gerenuk, while waterbuck and lesser kudu were seronegative. In 2018–2019, a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected African buffalo and Grant’s gazelle herds was conducted. The weighted estimate of PPRV seroprevalence was 12.0% out of 191 African buffalo and 1.1% out of 139 Grant’s gazelles. All ocular and nasal swabs and faeces were negative by PPRV real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Investigations of a PPR-like disease in sheep and goats confirmed PPRV circulation in the area by rapid detection test and/or RT-qPCR. These results demonstrated serological evidence of PPRV infection in wild artiodactyl species at the wildlife–livestock interface in this ecosystem where PPRV is endemic in domestic small ruminants. Exposure to PPRV could be via spillover from infected small ruminants or from transmission between wild animals, while the relatively low seroprevalence suggests that sustained transmission is unlikely. Further studies of other major wild artiodactyls in this ecosystem are required, such as impala, Thomson’s gazelle and wildebeest. -
DocumentManuel de lute contre la mouche tsé-tsé Volume 1 : Biologie, systématique et répartition des tsé-tsé 1982
Also available in:
This Manual is intended to be of use mainly in the training of people concerned with the practical side of tsetse control.Tsetse flies are important because of their ability to spread diseases among man and among domestic animals. The tsetse flies feed only on blood, and in the act of piercing the skin and drawing blood, the flies pass on the blood parasite Trypanosoma to previously uninfected animals or men, causing the disease trypanosomiasis which can be fatal if untreated.Very large areas of Africa are without cattle because of the presence of the tsetse fly and their trypanosones. This means that the orderly economic development of these areas is prevented. A small farmer in a tsetse area cannot use draught oxen to bring more fields under cultivation, and he cannot improve his land with cattle dung. Cattle owners in land near to tsetse belts must always fear outbreaks of the disease, and try to maintain control by drug treatment of his cattle or by other means. Movement of cattle through tsetse belts to reach new grazing grounds or markets greatly increases the risks of infection and loss.Training of tsetse control personnel is therefore an essential part of any large programme to remove the threat of trypanosomiasis from Africa or to reduce it substantially. The aim of this Manual is to assist in the training of tsetse control personnel by setting out the basic facts of tsetse biology, structure, behaviour and ecology, and of the main methods available for tsetse fly control; undesirable side effects of control methods are also described, and a responsible approach to this manysided problem is encouraged.Trainees in the tsetse control field should understand that both the techniques and the ideas now in fashion may be replaced by improved ones as our understanding of rural development and tsetse control methods increases. This will mean that certain parts of this Manual will soon become outdated and in need of revision. -
DocumentTraining manual for Tsetse control personnel Vol. 1 : Tsetse biology, systematics and distribution, techniques 1982
Also available in:
This Manual is intended to be of use mainly in the training of people concerned with the practical side of tsetse control.Tsetse flies are important because of their ability to spread diseases among man and among domestic animals. The tsetse flies feed only on blood, and in the act of piercing the skin and drawing blood, the flies pass on the blood parasite Trypanosoma to previously uninfected animals or men, causing the disease trypanosomiasis which can be fatal if untreated.Very large areas of Africa are without cattle because of the presence of the tsetse fly and their trypanosones. This means that the orderly economic development of these areas is prevented. A small farmer in a tsetse area cannot use draught oxen to bring more fields under cultivation, and he cannot improve his land with cattle dung. Cattle owners in land near to tsetse belts must always fear outbreaks of the disease, and try to maintain control by drug treatment of his cattle or by other means. Movement of cattle through tsetse belts to reach new grazing grounds or markets greatly increases the risks of infection and loss.Training of tsetse control personnel is therefore an essential part of any large programme to remove the threat of trypanosomiasis from Africa or to reduce it substantially. The aim of this Manual is to assist in the training of tsetse control personnel by setting out the basic facts of tsetse biology, structure, behaviour and ecology, and of the main methods available for tsetse fly control; undesirable side effects of control methods are also described, and a responsible approach to this manysided problem is encouraged.Trainees in the tsetse control field should understand that both the techniques and the ideas now in fashion may be replaced by improved ones as our understanding of rural development and tsetse control methods increases. This will mean that certain parts of this Manual will soon become outdated and in need of revision.
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