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Book (stand-alone)Current fisheries and aquaculture policies relevant to RFLP in Viet Nam
Regional Fisheries Livelihoods Programme for South and Southeast Asia. (GCP/RAS/237/SPA)
2010Also available in:
No results found.The Fisheries sector is significant contribution to the economy of Vietnam, the export value in 2008 was US$ 4.509 billion. The fisheries and aquaculture sectors have expanded rapidly over the past decade, with aquaculture production rising from 1,202,500 to 2,430,944 tonnes over the period from 2004 to 2008, with more than 1.3 million MT tons of Pangasius and 450,000 MT of brackish and freshwater shrimp and prawn. Fisheries production in 2008 was about 2,134 thousand tons, of which marine captu re contributed 1,937 thousand tons. The natural resources, particularly inshore fisheries are considered to be over-exploited with many high valued fish resources having declined to low levels. The number of vessels has increased continuously without control since 1980. This leads to increased competition in inshore areas. In order to earn a living, fishermen use many destructive fishing gears and bad practices including smaller mesh sizes than required, other destructive fishing methods like el ectricity, poisons, dynamite. As a result, fish of all sizes are captured, including young and fingerling fish. In recent years, the Government of Vietnam has enacted many policies to support the aim of sustainable development, and poverty reduction while protecting natural resources. To reduce fishing pressure in coastal areas, many programs have been promoted by the Government including offshore fisheries, aquaculture development, services on sea development and infrastructure development. The offshore fishing vessels under Government’s offshore fishing program are supported by a credit scheme for boat construction, upgrading of fishing vessels and offshore fishing services. Considered one of the major alternative activities to diversify income for coastal communities, the aquaculture sector has received increasingly strong support under Government of Vietnam policy over the past 20 years. The main focus has been on the establishment of infrastructure for aquaculture development, and to convert saline paddy fields, low lying land, land used for salt production, flooded land and other unproductive land to aquaculture. In addition Government policy has supported fishers and farmers in isolated areas through credit schemes. Micro-finance is conducted through the Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (VBARD), the Commercial Investment Bank (CIB) and the Bank for Social Policy (BSP). BSP mainly provides subsidized loans to poor households, while VBARD and CIB make l arge loans to enterprises. These policies have supported fishermen investing in pond construction, buying of equipment, seed, feeds and other items. To protect natural resources and bio-diversity the following activities have been implemented: Fishing licensing, control of productivity in specific marine areas, protection of rare and precious species that are in danger of extinction, restocking to enhance breeding population size and density, protection of aquatic habitats, and rehabilitation an d protection of fisheries resources etc. Co-management is considered as a potential tool for sustainable utilization of fisheries resources in Vietnam, particularly for small-scale fisheries. In Vietnam, co-management has recently been included in many policy instruments and pilots are in operation in Vietnam with varying degrees of success. Vietnam has set up and is continuously improving the law, regulations and standards on conditions for food safety, environment and animal health protection , which meets most of the provisions, articles for technical barriers to trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary (SPS) measures on food quality and safety of fish and fishery products, from aquaculture to processing and trading of fish and fishery products. The assurance of food safety needs requires the use of a systematic approach from raw material production, handling, processing, preservation and distribution of fish and fishery product to the customers. Over last 20 years, the Vietnam g overnment has enacted many policies to improve safety and reduce vulnerability for fishing communities such as policies on improving safety for fishermen and fishing boats at sea, support of radio communication devices for owner of fishing boats, support to fishermen to overcome natural risks at sea, support to protecting and reduce the affects of natural calamities at sea, insurance support for vessels and fishers, establish anchorages and storm shelters, and establishment of information networ ks on sea and islands, etc. -
Book (stand-alone)Review on the current status of fisheries/aquaculture and policies of Cambodia relevant to RFLP
Regional Fisheries Livelihoods Programme for South and Southeast Asia. (GCP/RAS/237/SPA)
2010Also available in:
No results found.Cambodia is endowed with rich fisheries resources provided by both the freshwater fisheries of the Mekong and the Tonle Sap river system, and coastal and offshore marine fisheries. The fisheries sector in Cambodia plays a very important role in the national economy, making a significant contribution to employment and livelihoods of the poor, to food security and to GDP. Fisheries production is estimated to be worth around US$ 200-300 million at the point of landing, and the fisheries harvest, pr ocessing and trade contributes 8-12% of GDP. The export value of fish products is estimated to be as high as US$ 100 million annually. Cambodian people and especially the rural poor consume on average 52.4kg of aquatic products per person per year (MRC Technical Paper, number 16, 2007). Cambodia’s fisheries provide full-time, part-time and seasonal employment for up to 6 million people, and the employment provided is especially important in the rural areas where there are few job opportunities. The fisheries sector make a very significantly contribution to domestic food security especially to rural communities, providing 81.5% of the animal protein in the national diet and also providing a critical source of essential vitamins and micro-nutrients. The Royal Government of Cambodia, has recognized how important and crucial the sector is to people's livelihoods, to national well-being and the national economy, and one side of the national Rectangular Strategy is devoted to fisheries refor ms aimed at law enforcement, action plan development and implementation, and strengthening of all the relevant institutions to enable them to achieve national goals for environmental fisheries protection, conservation of bio-diversity, socio-economic development, good governance and poverty alleviation. These goals are clearly stated in the Royal Cambodian Government's political program for the fisheries sector, as well as in the Socio-Economic Development Plan, the Preliminary Strategy of Pover ty Alleviation, and the Good Governance Action Plan. Moreover, the Royal Government of Cambodia’s statement on the national fisheries sector policy was endorsed in 2005 and the Strategic Planning Framework for Fisheries 2010-2019 (SPF) was drafted in 2009, and will be endorsed soon in 2010. In an effort to achieve the above goals, policies and plans, significant time, manpower and funds have been committed by the Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) and by bi-lateral and regional Development Partn ers (DP). However, much work and many additional activities remain to be done and these require technical and financial assistance support on a priority basis. It is timely that the Regional Fisheries Livelihoods Program (RFLP) was endorsed to provide support to the Fisheries Administration (FiA), since it will improve fisheries management and livelihoods opportunities in the four coastal provinces of Cambodia. This paper was drafted to provide an overview of the current RGC policies, both withi n the fisheries sector, but also of other sectors which will impact on the ability of RFLP in Cambodia to successfully achieve its five national outputs. Development of co-management mechanisms; Improved safety at sea and reduced vulnerability; Improved post-harvest and marketing; Strengthening of existing livelihoods and livelihood diversification; and Facilitated access to micro-finance services. In addition the paper provides recommendations on what and how the Regional Fisheries Live lihoods Program (RFLP) can contribute to the implementation and achievement of the national fisheries policies and plans in Cambodia. -
Book (stand-alone)Current fisheries and aquaculture policies relevant to RFLP in Timor-Leste
Regional Fisheries Livelihoods Programme for South and Southeast Asia. (GCP/RAS/237/SPA)
2010Also available in:
No results found.The country of Timor-Leste and particularly its small island districts are highly dependent upon their marine resources for economic and social development. Fisheries is an important livelihood source and provides sustenance for the people of the country, contributing to food security, poverty alleviation, employment, foreign exchange earnings, development and the stability of rural and coastal communities, while also providing culture, recreation and tourism. In the National First Development P lan of Timor-Leste 2002, the Agriculture sector on which 85% of the population depend, was third priority after the Health, and Education sectors. One agriculture sub-sector with potential is the fisheries (Anon, 2007). Timor-Leste has great fishing potential, but the sector is under-developed. The main fishing grounds, which are along the northern and southern coasts, provide a diversified range of fish and shellfish, most of which is for internal consumption. Despite an abundance of aquatic pr oducts little reaches Timor-Leste‟s interior (Anon, 2007). Timor-Leste has 706 km of coastline and an marine exclusive economic zone (EEZ), over which it has exclusive fishing rights, of approximately 75,000 km2. Though this fishing area is small by international standards, it has the potential to provide valuable high grade animal protein to feed Timor-Leste‟s people and to provide employment, significant income earning opportunities and foreign exchange from fish exports. The value of Timor-Le ste‟s aquatic marine resources and the resulting benefits to our people, both in the short-term and long-term, will depend on how well these resources are managed (Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries State Secretariat of Fisheries, 2007). Inland, aquaculture of tilapia and carp played a significant role in the rural economy prior to independence from Indonesia. When the Indonesians departed in 1999, hatcheries and ponds were destroyed or damaged, and broodstock were consumed. The National Dire ctorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture (NDFA) is actively working to restore the rural aquaculture sector, which will make an important contribution to improving rural food security. This policy is based on a review of progress made over the last several years and updates our previous strategic plan “Fish for the Future: a strategic plan for the fisheries of East Timor” released in May 2001. This new document like the Fisheries Law, the Government Decree Law and other documents also emphasises iss ues that need to be addressed to ensure there will be sufficient fish for future generations.
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