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Options to reduce IUU fishing in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Zanzibar










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    IUU Fishing on Lake Tanganyika 2012
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    This report has been compiled at the request of the IOC IRFS Programme (EDF 10) for an assessment of the current status of illegal, unregulated and unreported (IUU) fishing and trade on Lake Tanganyika, and the development of interventions that can be used to assist in improving monitoring, control and surveillance operations on the lake. Lake Tanganyika represents the second largest lake in Africa, and is shared by the countries of Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania and Zambia. The lake covers a surface area of 32,600 km2. In terms of jurisdiction, the DRC has control of 45% of the surface area, Tanzania 41% of the area, with Burundi and Zambia having control of 8% and 6% respectively. In terms of management structures, while the riparian countries are responsible for the management of their waters, the Convention on the Sustainable Management of Lake Tanganyika provides for the Lake Tanganyika Authority (LTA) to act as the overarching management body for the lake sys tem.
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    Kenya fisheries governance 2012
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    Fisheries governance in Kenya has historically being focused on the inland sector. Governance of the marine sector has and still is weak although the essential components of good governance are in place. Fisheries legislation is generally sound with the new bill aiming at strengthening Kenya’s interests in the offshore sector – in particular the tuna and shrimp industrial sectors. Due to the high level of community involvement on the coast, interaction with the industrial fishing sectors, such a s the shrimp fishery, is a major governance and fishery management challenge. Governance of Kenya’s fisheries in the offshore sector is almost zero and limited to licensing fees with no culture of managing these licenses. This has effectively led to “non-performance” of Kenya due primarily to weak governance in this sector. Within territorial waters a key governance structure has been the implementation of Beach Management Units – essentially a co-management approach. There is little evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of BMUs although in principle the concept is good.
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    Joint Operations in Lake Victoria to reduce IUU fishing 2014
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    Lake Victoria, Africa’s largest lake, is arguably the most important single source of freshwater fish on the African continent, contributing significantly to national and regional economies and the livelihoods of an estimated three million inhabitants of the three countries bordering its shores, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Nile perch was introduced to the lake in the 1950s and increased in biomass to such an extent that it decimated the lake’s endemic fish community and became the most important fish species in the lake, forming the basis of a lucrative commercial fishery. The Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO) was formed in 1994 to jointly manage the Lake’s fisheries resources on behalf of the three partner States, but nevertheless Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing have had a continued impact on Nile perch. Its Biomass peaked at around 2.3 million tonnes in 1999 and accounted for 92% of total fish biomass but fell to less than 300,000 tonnes in 2008. Moreover, the average length of Nile perch has declined from 51.7 cm to 26.6 cm, as recorded in 2008, significantly below the required minimum size of 50 cm for export.

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