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ArticleIncreasing legality compliance amongst forest sector MSMEs: creating an enabling environment for responsible forest product trade and socio-economic recovery
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) play a critical role in meeting the growing demand for forest products worldwide, with potential to contribute to responsible supply chains that combat illegal logging while promoting economic growth. However, MSMEs have been challenged by the emergence of regulated markets requiring verified legal timber, which involve more stringent regulatory compliance and additional up-front costs. Recognizing the need to ensure MSMEs can benefit from – and are not penalized by – the responsible forest trade, the FAO-EU FLEGT Programme supported 100+ projects in 20 countries between 2016 and 2021 that sought to improve MSME capacity to supply legal timber. These projects employed several strategies: • Increasing MSME legal compliance through capacity building, mentoring and technical assistance; • Formalizing MSMEs to achieve legal status and access to benefits such as credit, training programs, and labour protections. • Strengthening associations that represent MSMEs and provide technical and financial assistance; • Reducing the regulatory burden through the simplification of existing legal frameworks; and • Integrating MSMEs into responsible value chains by linking with buyers or manufacturers. The Programme analyzed the impacts of these projects to determine best practices for supporting MSMEs atscale. It was found that the formation of associations was the most impactful intervention for helping MSMEs to formalize and produce legal timber. Capacity-building efforts also must integrate business skill development with training on legality compliance. The paper discusses options for further deployment of these strategies at scale, emphasizing the importance of building an “ecosystem of support” by forming a variety of mutually supporting partnerships. This will be central to assisting MSMEs negatively impacted by COVID-19 imposed lockdowns and economic slowdown. Keywords: Illegal logging, timber trade, small and medium-sized enterprises, forest governance, responsible markets ID:3486686 -
DocumentWhy is there no global legally binding agreement on forests? A qualitative literature review to identify conflicts within the negotiations and the way forward for sustainable forest management
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The enhancement of global forest management practices was long thought to be subject to a binding agreement, comparable to other United Nations Conventions. Unlike other environmental challenges of similar importance, the countries of the world did not come together to establish a legally binding forest convention. More than 25 years since the start of the initial negotiations at the United Nations Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, four institutions and five non-binding agreements have been established to govern forests, none of which extends to similar lengths as the Framework Convention for Climate Change, Desertification, or Biodiversity. This paper investigates the conflicts present in the forest policy arena that have hindered the successful progression of a legally binding agreement. By conducting an extensive qualitative literature assessment of 51 peer-reviewed publications and building onto the policy arrangement approach by Arts, Leroy & Van Tatenhove (2006), the authors categorize and explain the conflicts present during and prevailing beyond the negotiations. The results are validated through expert interviews and observations from the 14th session of the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF). The authors identified 13 critical conflicts across the dimensions of ideology, interests, institutionalism, and coalition dynamics. While some conflicts have changed or were resolved, many persist today and will prevent a successful conclusion of the process. A legally binding agreement in the originally proposed form as overarching institution seems unlikely to happen in the future. Yet, the momentum surrounding sustainable forest management is greater than ever before, and a changing political culture raises new hopes for significant progress in the implementation of sustainable forestry beyond a mere agreement. Institutions like the UN FAO and the UNFF will play a crucial role in advancing the global transition to sustainable management in the future. Keywords: Policies, Conflict, Deforestation and forest degradation, Sustainable forest management, Research ID: 3617722 -
ArticleThe change in forest productivity and stand-dynamics under climate change in East Asian temperate forests: A case study from South Korean forests
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The velocity and impact of climate change on forest appear to be site, environment, and tree species-specific.The primary objective of this research is to assess the changes in productivity of major temperate tree species in South Korea using terrestrial inventory and satellite remote sensing data. The area covered by each tree species was further categorized into either lowland forest (LLF) or high mountain forest (HMF) and investigated. We used the repeated Korean national forest inventory (NFI) data to calculate a stand-level annual increment (SAI). We then compared the SAI, a ground-based productivity measure, to MODIS net primary productivity (NPP) as a measure of productivity based on satellite imagery. In addition, the growth index of each increment core, which eliminated the effect of tree age on radial growth, was derived as an indicator of the variation of productivity by tree species over the past four decades. Based on these steps, we understand the species- and elevation-dependent dynamics. The secondary objective is to predict the forest dynamics under climate change using the Perfect Plasticity Approximation with Simple Biogeochemistry (PPA- SiBGC) model. The PPA-SiBGC is an analytically tractable model of forest dynamics, defined in terms of parameters for individual trees, including allometry, growth, and mortality. We estimated these parameters for the major species by using NFI and increment core data. We predicted forest dynamics using the following time-series metrics: Net ecosystem exchange, aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, C, soil respiration, and relative abundance. We then focus on comparing the impact of climate change on LLF and HMF. The results of our study can be used to develop climate-smart forest management strategies to ensure that both LLF and HMF continue to be resilient and continue to provide a wide range of ecosystem services in the Eastern Asian region. Keywords: mountain forests, lowland forests, increment core, national forest inventory, MODIS NPP ID: 3486900
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