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DocumentEconomic analysis of adaptation options toward drought-induced risk in forest: financial balance and/or carbon balance
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.Forests provide ecosystem services that contribute to human well-being and reduce social vulnerability. Nowadays, the pace of changes induced by climate change is being too fast for a natural and spontaneous forest adaptation.
Drought is a natural phenomenon affecting forest productivity and health especially when its intensity is extreme. In Europe, trees are suffering from severe water shortage occurring particularly in early summer. While drought is considered as one of the main damaging abiotic risks, its induced impacts on forest health have been underestimated for a very long time due to inconspicuous damage at first sight.
In this context, forests need adaptation to reduce vulnerability to drought-induced dieback and to anticipate and cope with this increasing risk.
Different adaptation strategies were tested and combined through forest-management-based and market-based adaptations using original methods.
This thesis provided the following main results for the considered case studies and under some assumptions. First, the results proved that adaptation is relevant to face drought-induced risk of dieback: Adaptation, both forest-management-based and market-based, provides always the best scenario as opposed to the baseline or the “do-nothing” scenario from an economic perspective. Second, combining forest-management-based adaptation strategies appeared as a relevant way to adapt forests in view of a drought-induced risk of forest dieback. The combination of different strategies was therefore more beneficial for the forest owner than each strategy separately (synergy vs. additionality). However, not all adaptation options appear relevant (i.e. maladaptation). In the same vein, while forest insurance against drought-induced risk can be an option, the low gain of current contracts cannot provide enough incentive for forest owners to adopt these insurance contracts. Keywords: Adaptive and integrated management, Climate change, Research, Sustainable forest management ID: 3482552 -
ArticleComposition diversification vs. structure diversification: How to conciliate timber production and carbon sequestration objectives under drought and windstorm risks in forest ecosystems
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.This article aims to compare different forest adaptation strategies from an economic perspective with the objective to reduce extreme drought- and windstorm-induced risks of dieback. In this study, two diversification strategies were analysed. The first one was composition-based and consisted of mixing beech with oak whereas the second one relies on a diversification of the structure through a shift from the even-aged to the uneven-aged structure. We tested the efficiency of these two strategies individually and then combined through a simulation study in which we evaluated the financial loss and the reduction of carbon sequestration capacity. We combined a forest growth model computing Monte Carlo simulations with a forest economic approach using the land expectation value (LEV) adapted for a stochastic setting. The maximisation of the LEV criterion made it possible to identify the most economically effective adaptation strategies. Results show that diversification increases timber production and LEV, but reduces carbon storage. The two risks as well as the adaptation strategies show some synergies. Trade-offs between the financial balance and the carbon balance (i.e., adaptation vs. mitigation) are achievable. Valuing carbon services in addition to timber ones increases the forest value. Finally, our study presents a new approach for the economic valuation of multi-risk forest management, highlighting the importance of investigating several risks in a common analysis rather than separately. Keywords: Adaptation; Climate change; Mixed forests; Economics; Multi-risks ID: 3482550 -
ArticleImpacts of the national forest rehabilitation plan and human-induced environmental changes on the carbon and nitrogen balances of the South Korean forests
XV World Forestry Congress, 2-6 May 2022
2022Also available in:
No results found.The carbon (C) balance is a key to the climate regulation role of forests, and the nitrogen (N) balance affects forest productivity, ground and surface water quality, and the emission of N2O. Humans have impacted the C and N balances, but quantification of the responses of forests to human activities is limited. This study aimed to quantify the impacts of the long-term national forest rehabilitation plan and the contribution of the increase in air temperature, CO2 concentration, and N deposition on the C and N balance of the South Korean forests during 1973–2020 by using a biogeochemical model. The C and N balance increased from 0.20 to 4.30 Mg C ha–1 year–1 and from 0.20 to 17.4 kg N ha-1 year-1, respectively. This led to the whole South Korean forests to newly store 825 Tg C and 3.04 Tg N after the national forest rehabilitation plan. The increase in air temperature, CO2 concentration, and N deposition contributed –11.5, 17.4, and 177 Tg C for the newly stored C stock, respectively, and –25.4, 8.90, and 1,807 Mg N for the newly stored N stock, respectively. This study would provide references on the benefits of forest rehabilitation for the C and N balance and for future forest rehabilitation efforts. Moreover, our findings improve the understanding of the impacts of human activities on the C and N balance. Keywords: Carbon, Nitrogen, South Korean forests, Climate change, Human impacts ID: 3622951
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