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Book (series)Elasmobranchs of the mediterranean and black sea: status, ecology and biology, biographic analysis 2012
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No results found.The authors have compiled published information on taxonomy, distribution, status, statistics, fisheries, bycatch, biologic and ecologic parameters on age and growth, food and feeding habits, reproductive biology and stock assessment of elasmobranchs in the Mediterranean and Black Sea. This bibliographic analysis, through 661 papers dealing with elasmobranchs in the GFCM area, shows that cartilaginous species, including sharks, rays and chimaeras, are by far the most endangered group of marine fish in the Mediterranean Sea, with 31 species (40 percent of all) critically endangered, endangered or vulnerable. The biological characteristics of elasmobranchs (low fecundity, late maturity, slow growth) make them more vulnerable to fishing pressure than most teleost fish. Overfishing, wide use of non-selective fishing practices and habitat degradation are leading to dramatic declines of these species in the Mediterranean Sea. In general, elasmobranchs are not targeted but are caught incidentally. In many fisheries they are, however, often landed and marketed. The study also highlights the following points: – Works are concentrated mainly in the western Mediterranean. Few works concern endangered species and those of the GFCM priority list; – Much systematic confusion persists for some species and some others are doubtful; – The IUCN red list shows clearly the vulnerability of elasmobranchs and the lack of data; – A decline in cartilaginous fish speci es landings has been observed while fishing effort has generally increased; – A standardization of methods and expression of results on the biology should be generalized in the whole Mediterranean; – Papers on biologic parameters concern few species primarily in the occidental and central Mediterranean areas. Therefore, recommendations to fill gaps in order to protect and manage elasmobranchs stocks are proposed in this document. In fact, better understanding of the composition of incidental and targeted catches of sharks by commercial fisheries and biological and ecological parameters are fundamentally important for the conservation of these populations. Moreover, problems encountered by elasmobranchs in the GFCM area are highlighted and conservation measures are suggested. -
Book (series)A review of the inland fisheries of India 2024
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No results found.India has abundant water resources including rivers, canals, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, upland lakes, and floodplain wetlands covering over 5.8 percent of the country. These environments harbour a rich fish fauna of 1 035 species that constitutes the basis for the inland fisheries sector, which annually produces 2 144 452 tonnes of fish – if enhanced and culture-based fisheries are included – corresponding to 21 percent of total fish production. Rivers like the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Barak, alongside floodplain wetlands, play crucial roles, especially in the east and northeast. Lakes are abundant in upland areas. Reservoirs cover over 1 percent of India's land and hold untapped potential for fisheries development. Traditionally, fishing in inland water bodies has been a small-scale or subsistence activity. Fishing practices, crafts and gear used in inland fisheries are still traditional. Cooperative societies are present in reservoirs and wetlands giving fishers better bargaining power with traders and better prices for the fish. Inland fisheries are imperative for poverty alleviation, food security, gender empowerment, cultural services, ecosystem function, and biodiversity, and are important for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Important threats to inland fisheries include water scarcity, habitat loss, pollution, climate change and invasive species. However, several major river conservation programmes have been initiated.The collection of inland fishery catch statistics remains weak and production appears to be significantly under-reported in many states. A simplified method for defining water bodies and estimating catch is proposed and all States have been advised to follow the same definition for water bodies. -
Book (series)Allocated zones for aquaculture - A guide for the establishment of coastal zones dedicated to aquaculture in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea 2019
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No results found.This guide is a collection of concepts and practical information aimed at facilitating the establishment of allocated zones for aquaculture (AZAs) in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. It provides detailed information on the process involved in the establishment of an AZA and it is intended as a practical and comprehensive tool to better understand site selection and planning for aquaculture. This publication first provides a brief overview of the international and regional context, and reviews the institutional and legal framework related to AZAs at various levels. Sequential explanations on the AZA establishment process as well as suggestions for the main steps are then presented. The step-by-step approach for the establishment of AZAs takes into account a number of specific aspects, such as geographic information system tools, exclusion criteria and stakeholder participation, the main actors to be involved, the role of relevant authorities in charge of geographical and/or marine aquaculture planning, statutory responsibilities, prevention and resolution of possible conflicts, and decision-making. The guide also describes the objectives and contents of AZA management plans and presents the parameters to be used as reference points for the AZA implementation. It is addressed to decision-makers from relevant bodies and administrations, governmental and non-governmental organizations, scientific research institutions, aquaculture producers and fishing communities, as well as other relevant stakeholders involved in aquaculture activities, coastal development, and in the use of the aquatic environment and resources.
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