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Book (stand-alone)Global Forest Resources Assessment 2025 2025FAO completed its first assessment of the world’s forest resources in 1948. Since then, the Global Forest Resources Assessment (FRA) has evolved into a comprehensive evaluation of forest resources and their condition, management and uses, covering all the thematic elements of sustainable forest management. This, the latest of these assessments, examines the status of, and trends in, forest resources over the period 1990–2025, drawing on the efforts of hundreds of experts worldwide. The results of FRA 2025 are available in several formats, including this report, an interactive story on key findings and an online database at https://fra-data.fao.org.
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Book (series)The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025
Addressing high food price inflation for food security and nutrition
2025While some progress and recovery have been made in recent years, the world is still above pre-COVID-19 pandemic levels and far from eradicating hunger and food insecurity by 2030 (SDG Target 2.1). Similarly, despite some progress in the global nutrition targets, the world is not on track to achieve SDG Target 2.2. Among other factors, persistent food price inflation has slowed this momentum.The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2025 highlights how elevated inflation in many countries has undermined purchasing power and, especially among low-income populations, access to healthy diets. The report documents how high food price inflation is associated with increases in food insecurity and child malnutrition. Vulnerable groups, including low-income households, women, and rural communities, can be particularly affected by food price inflation, risking setbacks in the fight against hunger and malnutrition.In response to these challenges and to prevent future price shocks, the report examines policy measures adopted by countries, and outlines what is necessary going forwards. It stresses the importance of coherent implementation of fiscal and monetary policies to stabilize markets, promote open and resilient trade, and protect vulnerable populations. Additionally, it calls for better data systems and sustained investment in resilient agrifood systems to build long-term food security and nutrition. These coordinated actions are vital to reignite progress towards ending hunger and malnutrition by 2030. -
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Book (series)2019年粮食及农业状况
推进工作，减少粮食损失和浪费
2019减少粮食损失和浪费的必要性在《2030年可持续发展议程》中得到充分体现。减少粮食损失和浪费对于改善粮食安全和营养、提高环境可持续性和降低生产成本十分重要。然而，只有全面充分认识这一问题，减少粮食损失和浪费的努力方能奏效。本报告重新估计了世界粮食从生产到零售环节的损失百分比。本报告还发现，现有的损失估计数相差悬殊，即使是同一种商品和同一个供应链环节也是如此。清晰地确定并理解具体供应链的关键损失节点，即很有可能减少粮食损失的环节，对于确定适当的措施至关重要。本报告为相关干预行动提供了一些指导原则，具体取决于希望通过减少粮食损失和浪费所追求的目标，无论是提高经济效率，改善粮食安全和营养，还是提高环境可持续性。
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BookletThe Marshall Islands energy audits
The investment case for renewable energies and infrastructure upgrades in the Marshall Islands tuna sector
2025Also available in:
No results found.This document presents the case for a variety of investments to reduce energy use by onshore tuna processing and service companies in the Marshall Islands. It provides information about the costs, benefits and results from investments identified by audits of the quality and state of plant, equipment and infrastructure, and the related energy consumption of four onshore companies. Practical investment solutions, including the use of renewable energy, were identified to reduce energy costs, with most solutions and improvements requiring investments of between USD 25 000 to USD 1 750 000 and resulting in energy savings of 25-30 percent. Given the savings in energy costs, there is a strong investment case for such investments given short payback periods (months to a few years). The investment case is further supported by the reduced carbon footprint which would result from lower diesel use, potentially increasing interest by investors or corporate donors in investments as part of carbon offset portfolios. Similar audits could be conducted in other small islands developing states (SIDS) in the region, which also face challenges in terms of energy reliability and cost. -
BookletTerminal evaluation of the project “Disposal of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Obsolete Pesticides and Strengthening of the Sound Management of Pesticides in Cameroon”
Project code: GCP/CMR/031/GFF, GEF ID: 4641
2025Also available in:
The GEF-funded GCP/CMR/031/GFF project was implemented by FAO and the Government of Cameroon between 2015 and 2023, with the objective of eliminating and controlling risks to the environment, agri-food systems, and population health related to the mismanagement and use of chemical pesticides and empty packaging. The evaluation found that the project is highly relevant and coherent, while its effectiveness and efficiency are moderately satisfactory, and its sustainability and impact are moderately unlikely. This rather mixed performance stems from the factors explained in the report. The evaluation recommends supporting the finalization of initiated activities and continuing capacity building for stakeholders according to the proposed modalities. It should also support the government's efforts to control pesticide lifecycle management costs and develop a more significant project or interventions in this area. The evaluation drew two useful lessons for future interventions. -
Book (stand-alone)Field survey guidance for Xylella fastidiosa 2025
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No results found.Xylella fastidiosa is the causal agent (bacterium) of plant diseases of many economically important crops such as olive, grapes, almond and citrus. It causes a deficiency in water and mineral uptake by blocking the plants’ transporting tissue called the xylem.It is critical that countries conduct active and regular surveillance to establish the presence or absence of plant pests, especially those with severe impacts on food security, the environment, trade, and agricultural productivity, such as Xylella fastidiosa. This field survey guidance provides a protocol to aid in the monitoring, detection, sample collection, and diagnostics of Xylella fastidiosa, ensuring effective phytosanitary decision-making to manage the pest risk and protect cross-border trade. It provides easy-to-follow guidelines for technical personnel of national plant protection organizations (NPPOs) to survey Xylella fastidiosa. -
Book (stand-alone)Reuse of water in agricultural systems
Follow the Water
2025Also available in:
No results found.Many irrigation technologies labelled as potentially "water saving" actually often fail to deliver expected water savings and can even increase water use by farmers, benefiting crop production but failing to effectively reallocate water. A key reason is the common oversight of return flows and water reuse in irrigation systems. This guidance document investigates water reuse rates in irrigation systems, compiling a database from a literature review that finds a lack of data, information and understanding of water reuse. To better assess and manage these flows, the document introduces the Follow the Water approach, which was developed to track water movement within and between irrigation systems and blocks. The accompanying Follow the Water tool offers a practical method for initial analysis of intervention impacts and serves as a valuable resource for training and education. The study’s main recommendation is to apply the Follow the Water approach when planning irrigation technology interventions, ensuring a more accurate understanding of water dynamics and avoiding unintended increases in consumption. This shift in assessment can support more realistic and effective strategies for achieving water savings in agriculture. -
Book (stand-alone)Chaînes de valeur du maquereau noir et des espèces apparentées au thon pêchés par la flotte semi-industrielle du Cabo Verde 2025
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No results found.Ce rapport s’inscrit dans le cadre du programme “Chaînes de valeur durables du poisson pour les petits États insulaires en développement”, qui vise à favoriser la croissance économique, la création d’emplois et la sécurité alimentaire. Il ambitionne d’améliorer la compréhension des chaînes de valeur du poisson, la performance des micro, petites et moyennes entreprises, ainsi que la durabilité environnementale, notamment par une meilleure gestion des espèces à haute valeur et une sensibilisation au changement climatique. L’étude porte sur les chaînes de valeur de la comète maquereau ou maquereau noir et des espèces apparentées au thon pêchés par la flotte semi-industrielle au Cabo Verde, en suivant les cadres méthodologiques de la FAO. Elle s’articule autour de quatre phases: analyse fonctionnelle, évaluation des impacts, élaboration d’une stratégie de mise à niveau et planification de sa mise en oeuvre. Le processus est participatif, soutenu par une Task Force nationale qui contribue activement à la définition et à la réalisation de la stratégie de développement durable des chaînes de valeur ciblées.