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The FAO Knowledge Repository is FAO's official open repository, providing access to all of its publications. Through its open access policy, FAO seeks to increase the dissemination of its knowledge and to contribute to the scientific and technical impact of the Organization. 

 

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    Book (series)
    Respecting free, prior and informed consent
    Practical guidance for governments, companies, NGOs, indigenous peoples and local communities in relation to land acquisition
    2014
    Improving governance of tenure is the objective of the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security (Guidelines), which serve as a reference and set out principles and internationally accepted standards for responsible practices. The Guidelines state that responsible investments should do no harm, safeguard against dispossession of legitimate tenure right holders and environmental damage, and should respect human rights. This technical guide on Respecting free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) sets out practical actions for government agencies to respect and protect FPIC and for civil society organizations, land users and private investors globally to comply with their responsibilities in relation to FPIC, as endorsed by the Guidelines.
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    Book (stand-alone)
    The future of food and agriculture: Trends and challenges 2017
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    What will be needed to realize the vision of a world free from hunger and malnutrition? After shedding light on the nature of the challenges that agriculture and food systems are facing now and throughout the 21st century, the study provides insights into what is at stake and what needs to be done. “Business as usual” is not an option. Major transformations in agricultural systems, rural economies, and natural resources management are necessary. The present study was undertaken for the quadrennial review of FAO’s strategic framework and for the preparation of the Organization Medium-Term plan 2018-2021.
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    Book (series)
    The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2024
    Financing to end hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition in all its forms
    2024
    Six years from 2030, hunger and food insecurity trends are not yet moving in the right direction to end hunger and food insecurity (SDG Target 2.1) by 2030. The indicators of progress towards global nutrition targets similarly show that the world is not on track to eliminate all forms of malnutrition (SDG Target 2.2). Billions of people still lack access to nutritious, safe and sufficient food. Nevertheless, progress in many countries provides hope of the possibility of getting back on track towards hunger and malnutrition eradication. Implementing the policies, investments and legislation needed to revert the current trends of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition requires proper financing for food security and nutrition. Despite a broad agreement on the urgent need to increase financing for food security and nutrition, the same cannot be said for a common understanding regarding how this financing should be defined and tracked. The report provides a long-awaited definition of financing for food security and nutrition and guidance for its implementation. There are recommendations regarding the efficient use of innovative financing tools and reforms to the food security and nutrition financing architecture. Establishing a common definition of financing for food security and nutrition, and methods for its tracking, measurement and implementation, is an important first step towards sustainably increasing the financing flows needed to end hunger, food insecurity and all forms of malnutrition, and to ensure access to healthy diets for all, today and tomorrow.
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    Book (series)
    Compulsory acquisition of land and compensation 2008
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    Compulsory acquisition is the power of government to acquire private rights in land without the willing consent of the owner or occupant in order to benefit society and is often necessary for social and economic development and the protection of the natural environment. The exercise of these powers is frequently contentious and problematic. The guide explains what compulsory acquisition and compensation are, and what constitutes good practice in this area, examining the consequences of poor legi slation, procedures and implementation. It is likely to be of most use in countries that are seeking to understand good practice in this area and to improve their own legislation, procedures and implementation in compulsory purchase and compensation in the interests of society as a whole.
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    Book (stand-alone)
    Free Prior and Informed Consent: An indigenous peoples’ right and a good practice for local communities 2016

    This Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) Manual is designed as a tool for project practitioners of a broad range of projects and programmes of any development organization, by providing information about the right to FPIC and how it can be implemented in six steps.

    In an FPIC process, the “how”, “when” and “with and by whom”, are as important as “what” is being proposed. For an FPIC process to be effective and result in consent or lack of it, the way in which the process is conducted is paramount. The time allocated for the discussions among the indigenous peoples, the cultural appropriateness of the way the information is conveyed, and the involvement of the whole community, including key groups like women, the elderly and the youth in the process, are all essential. A thorough and well carried FPIC process helps guarantee everyone’s right to self-determination, allowing them to participate in decisions that affect their lives.

    This FPIC Manual will ena ble field practitioners to incorporate FPIC into project and programmes’ design and implementation, ensuring that indigenous peoples’ rights are duly respected. FPIC can be considered the “gold standard” because it allows for the highest form of participation of local stakeholders in development projects.


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    Book (series)
    Fisheries and aquaculture in Europe: situation and outlook in 1996 1996
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    This document provides a review of fisheries and aquaculture in Europe, including Russia and the other six European Republics of the former USSR. Fishery production for the region as a whole is worth over US$ 20 billion first sale value per year, or about 20% of the world total. In terms of quantity, the region accounts for about 23% of the world's capture fishery production but only 12% of global aquaculture production, although the former has been declining in recent years and the latter growi ng. Europe is also a major region for fish trade, with the European Union alone accounting for about one third of the world's fish imports. Some European countries have very high levels of fish consumption by world standards. The two major country groupings are considered separately: (1) the Industrialized Countries of Western Europe which have in general an adequate food supply with demand for fish satisfied through domestic production and imports, and (2) the less prosperous Transition Coun tries of Eastern Europe and the former USSR which are in the process of changing to market economies with consequent decreases in fish production. Two Transition Countries are classified as Low-Income Food-Deficit Countries. One section of this review deals with the current fisheries situation including the role of fisheries in the economy, fishery production, utilisation, trade, consumption, technology and investment in fisheries. Various issues are also discussed. Finally, the outlook for Euro pean fisheries and aquaculture is considered. The FAO Fisheries Circular is a vehicle for the distribution of short or ephemeral notes, lists, etc., including provisional versions of documents to be issued later in other series.
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    Book (stand-alone)
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    Book (series)
    Fisheries and aquaculture in Sub-Saharan Africa: situation and outlook in 1996. 1996
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    Globally, the contribution of the fisheries sector to the economy of the Region is largely positive. Over the last decade, significant progress has occurred in terms of artisanal fisheries development, the consolidation of a small industrial base, growing export receipts leading to a positive trade balance, and more recently indications of a promising take off of aquaculture. Catches by distant-water fishing Nations are steadily decreasing. In marine capture fisheries, most demersal stocks are t hought to be fully exploited. The main potential for immediate increases of production and supply for local markets lies with low value small pelagics species. Inland fisheries figure importantly in food security providing over 40% of domestic catches. Freshwater production is, however, close to its estimated potential. Since 1990, per caput fish supply follows an alarming negative trend. The major challenge for the fisheries sector will be to maintain current levels of consumption. This will re quire significant efforts to improve the management of capture fisheries, to support the development of aquaculture and to promote intra-regional trade. The FAO Fisheries Circular is a vehicle for the distribution of short or ephemeral notes, lists, etc., including provisional versions of documents to be issued later in other series.
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    Book (series)
    Fisheries and aquaculture in Latin America and the Caribbean: situation and outlook in 1996. 1996
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    Fisheries development has not been homogeneous in Latin America and the Caribbean. Besides historical, economic, social and political aspects, development has been conditioned by the nature of aquatic resources, providing common patterns as well as significant differences among fisheries sector structures. While Latin American fisheries are mainly export oriented, there are also several net fish importing countries, notably in the Caribbean. For industrial fisheries, the main resources are sh rimp, small pelagics, demersal fish, and large pelagics. Small-scale fisheries are concentrated along the region's coastline albeit with geographical and climatic variations. The modern, capital and technology intensive fisheries industry is geared to export to international markets. It often exists uneasily alongside labour intensive small-scale fisheries which frequently supply weaker domestic markets. While the industrial sector contributes significantly to the balance of trade, the sma ll-scale fisheries sector is a qualified source of employment and food. This study aims at providing an overview of the situation, trends and issues concerning fisheries in the Latin American region. To facilitate part of the analysis, it was necessary to define some sub-regional country groupings.
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    Book (series)
    Fisheries and aquaculture in the Near East and North Africa: situation and outlook in 1996. 1996
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    No country in the region depends on fish and fish products as a mainstay of the economy, and fish consumption is generally low relative to meat. Morocco has the most abundant resources available both for human consumption, and as a basis for the fish processing industry. It seems unlikely there are under-exploited stocks left in the Mediterranean. In the Gulfs region it is probable that mesopelagic stocks could withstand increased exploitation. Aquaculture production is less than one per cent of total world production. Assuming that fish consumption in the region remains relatively low by world standards, it would seem reasonable to expect that, at least until 2010, the increased demand could be met from higher landings of fish in the region if it is not diverted for export. Improved management should allow increased catches of certain stocks which are exploited intensively at present, and small pelagic resources in particular should form a basis for increased landings throughout the r egion.